高层学生公寓给水排水设计探讨

结合福州地区大学城某高校高层学生公寓的用水特点，对给水系统最高日用水量、最大小时用水量、给水方式选择、节水措施采用；排水系统；消防系统设计中若干问题进行了探讨。     

输水隧洞施工盾构管片修补措施

总结了输水隧洞盾构施工过程中盾构管片存在的主要缺陷，从材料选择和修补技术方面，阐述盾构管片修补措施。研究成果可为类似工程施工提供参考。     

Dynamic water management of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells using intermittent RH control

A novel method of water management of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells using intermittent humidification is presented in this study. The goal is to maintain the membrane close to full humidification, while eliminating channel flooding. The entire cycle is divided into four stages: saturation and de-saturation of the gas diffusion layer followed by de-hydration and hydration of membrane. By controlling the duration of dry and humid flows, it is shown that the cell voltage can be maintained within a narrow band. The technique is applied on experimental test cells using both plain and hydrophobic materials for the gas diffusion layer and an improvement in performance as compared to steady humidification is demonstrated. Duration of dry and humid flows is determined experimentally for several operating conditions.     

Preparation and properties of proton exchange membranes based-on Nafion and phosphonic acid-functionalized hollow silica spheres

Vinyl functionalized hollow silica spheres (HSSs) were prepared via a template method and surface modification thereafter. Poly(vinylbenzyl phosphonic acid) (PVBPA) grafted HSSs (HPSSs) were prepared via emulsion polymerization of diisopropyl p-vinylbenzyl phosphonate (DIPVBP) on the surface of HSSs, and hydrolysis thereafter. The chemical structure and morphology of HPSSs were characterized by FTIR and TEM. A series of proton exchange membranes based-on Nafion^®212 and HPSSs were prepared via solution casting. The water uptake, swelling ratio, mechanical properties, thermal behavior, proton conductivity, and chemical oxidative stability of the composite membranes were investigated. The addition of HPSSs in Nafion^® membranes can improve the water retentivity of the composite membranes. The composite membranes with HPSSs exhibit higher water uptake and proton conductivity than that of the recast Nafion^® membranes. The water uptake and the proton conductivity of the composite membranes increase with increasing HPSSs loading. With the higher water retentivity, the membranes exhibit high proton conductivity at high temperature (1.6 × 10⁻¹ S cm⁻¹ at 125 °C).     

Application of the Water Poverty Index at Different Scales: A Cautionary Tale

Abstract

The Water Poverty Index is an integrated tool developed on the basis of extensive consultation with a range of scientists, practitioners and policymakers. It is primarily designed for use at the community level to enable more holistic water-resource assessments on a site-specific basis. It can however be applied at different scales to suit different needs. One of the motivations to design such a tool was an attempt to move away from the conventional, purely deterministic, approaches to water assessment, relying primarily on models and large-scale data. In today's world such an approach is inappropriate, ill representing the complexities of modern water-allocation decisions where economic, political and social issues all have a powerful role to play. This paper highlights some applications of the Water Poverty Index at different spatial scales and discusses the implications of applying indicators at these different scales.     

鄂尔多斯矿井工程冬季严寒施工研究与应用

鄂尔斯地区气候干燥,冬寒夏热,不冻期较长,严重制约建井施工进度及质量。采用在冬季严寒地区的保温加热法,确保了工作面良好的工作环境,保证了井巷工程在严寒地区的正常施工和工程质量,增强了安全性,大大缩短了矿井的建井周期,在严寒地区是一个创新的施工方法,可以推广使用。     

Generalized Flow Rating Equations at Prototype Gated Spillways

Gated spillways are used to control flow in canals, rivers, and estuaries. Despite their widespread use, available flow ratings at these gated structures are largely derived from reduced-scale laboratory models. In this paper, generalized flow rating equations are developed based on field flow measurements collected mostly with an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler at about 90 prototype gated spillways in South Florida. The proposed ratings, developed using dimensional analysis, agree well with field measurements. A single generalized equation that is applicable to all flow conditions was also developed. This generalized equation addresses the limitation of continuity of the calculations as flow transitions from one condition to another.     

Adsorption capacity of bone char for removing fluoride from water solution. Role of hydroxyapatite content,adsorption mechanism and competing anions

The adsorption of fluoride from water on bone char (BC) was investigated in this work, and the fluoride adsorption capacity of BC was compared to that of hydroxyapatite (HAP). The adsorption capacity of BC and HAP drastically increased while decreasing the pH from 7.0 to 5.0. Furthermore, the fluoride adsorption on BC was due to its HAP content and was not considerably affected by the presence of the anions Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻, CO₃²⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻ and NO₂⁻. The mechanism of fluoride adsorption on BC was attributed to electrostatic interactions between surface charge of BC and fluoride ions in solution.     

修河干流水质现状及变化趋势分析

本文利用单因子指数法及季节性Kendall趋势检验法分析修河干流2012年水质现状和2005~2012年的水质变化趋势。结果表明院修河干流现状水质总体较好，基本保持在域类水以上；趋势检验中，高锰酸盐指数呈下降趋势，而硝酸盐氮和氨氮均具有上升的趋势。