“4·20”芦山Ms7.0级地震次生山地灾害特征

北京时间2013年4月20日08时02分,在四川省雅安市芦山县发生7.0级大地震.大地震同时诱发大量滑坡、崩塌等同震次生山地灾害.据现场应急调查,地震次生山地灾害主要以中小规模崩塌灾害为主,根据灾害发生的地层岩性,分别归纳了砾岩地层崩塌、砂泥岩地层崩塌、灰岩直立地层崩塌、堆积层滑坡及滑坡碎屑流5个主要类型.在对典型灾害体灾害特征、破坏模式和影响因素进行初步分析的基础上,提出区域构造背景为“4·20”芦山地震次生灾害的主控因素.芦山地震次生灾害具有群发性、滞后性特点,在后地震时期降雨激发条件下可能产生严重泥石流滑坡等山地灾害.因此,后地震时期在极震区特别是集中安置区,山地灾害监测预警工作十分重要.     

地震条件下亭子口重力坝深层滑动失稳模式研究（研究生论坛）

深层抗滑稳定是重力坝设计中的关键性问题,深层滑动失稳模式的确定是深层抗滑稳定问题分析的重要环节。目前地震条件下重力坝深层滑动失稳模式研究成果较少,且静力条件下较常用的处理方案中对滑移失稳模式的确定为定性方法,较依赖于工程经验。基于此研究现状,以亭子口重力坝为工程背景,本文采用了以静力条件下大坝深层滑动失稳模式为基础,综合模型试验与数值分析、定量分析与定性分析成果的研究方法,深入分析了地震条件下重力坝深层滑动失稳模式。获得地震条件下重力坝深层滑动三种可能的失稳模式,并结合局部稳定安全系数与整体稳定安全系数对各可能滑动失稳模式安全储备有较准确的认识。     

State Estimation in Structural Systems with Model Uncertainties

This paper presents an observer designed under the assumption that differences between predicted and measured outputs arise from discrepancies between the real structural system and the nominal model used to represent it. The observer gain is independent of the assumed model error parametrization and proves to be the transpose of the state to output matrix of a state space formulation. The estimated state with the proposed observer is shown to be identical to that obtained by exciting the nominal model with the known input while adjusting the measured portion of the state to match the measurements at the start of every step. Numerical experiments suggest that the proposed observer can provide state estimates that are substantially more accurate than results predicted by projecting the measurements in a truncated modal space.     

Initial analysis of the mechanism of the Wenchuan Earthquake (Southwest China), 12 May 2008

This short paper reports some initial fieldwork carried out in four locations shortly after the M8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake which took place on 12 May 2008 in Southwest China. The field evidence, notably that obtained in the town of Xiaoyudong, suggests that the primary motion was related to vertical movement along the Longmenshan Fault. The damage seen was consistent with a right-lateral strike-slip component.      

2022年泸定地震某隔震建筑内非结构构件震害模拟分析

在2022年9月5日四川泸定地震中，位于震中近断层场地的一栋采用隔震设计的建筑内部非结构构件发生不同程度的破坏。非结构构件作为整体结构经济价值占比重要组成部分，减小其地震损伤对于建筑震后功能恢复至关重要。为此，本文在介绍该建筑内部非结构构件主要震害的基础上，采用二阶段级联分析方法。第一阶段在Etabs中建立一8层框架-剪力墙结构有限元模型，基于实测邻近台站近断层强震记录的非线性地震反应分析，模拟该建筑各楼层地震响应。第二阶段以建筑内部文件柜等常见浮放式非结构构件为原型，在OpenSees中建立零长度转角弹簧模型，基于上一阶段的结构楼面加速度响应作为输入，模拟建筑内部不同尺寸高宽比非结构构件的摇晃与倾覆响应，并同时考虑水平单向输入与水平-竖向双向输入两种方式，以重点考察近断层地震强竖向分量的影响。结果表明，隔震层能有效降低上部结构的水平楼面加速度响应，但竖向楼面峰值加速度相比竖向地面峰值加速度被显著放大；水平与竖向激励同时输入下浮放式设备的摇晃角度与倾覆概率大于水平单向激励输入的情况，考虑竖向激励的作用后会增大浮放式设备的破坏风险。因此，在近断层场地进行建筑抗震设计时，强竖向地面运动对内部非结构构件的影响不容忽视。     

Seismic base isolation using low-cost Scrap Tire Pads (STP)

This paper focuses on the experimental studies conducted on the development of no-cost seismic base isolation pads using scrap automobile tire pads (STP). The mechanical and dynamic properties of STP specimens made from different tire brands, with different number of layers, and orientations are evaluated experimentally. The tests are conducted using (a) axial compression tests, (b) lumped mass small displacement free vibration, and (c) large displacement (inclined plate and reverse-cyclic) static shear tests. The results of these STP tests are compared among themselves and against a commercially available laminated rubber bearing specimen. A general relationship has been proposed which formulates the stiffness differences between the two principal directions of rectangular pads. The paper includes three hypothetical design applications for the use of STPs. STPs are prepared by placing 18 cm × 20 cm cut tread sections layers of car tires on top each other. Larger size STPs can also be formed by placing longer strips of tread sections (integer multiples of tread width) side by side in alternating direction layers or using a woven structure. Test results have shown that the friction between tire layers is sufficient to keep layers intact. Although STP application cannot eliminate foundation-basement structural requirements, it presents advantages such as low-technology no-cost pad, weight reduction, ease of handling, simple shear stiffness adjustment by changing the number of layers, and environmental benefits by recycling scrap tires.     

A Summary of Research Methods for Seismic Damage Information Recognition of Polarized SAR Buildings

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can observe the Earth without the influence of the weather and sunlight, and Polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) even could acquire four kinds of polarization information at the same time. Therefore, extracting post-earthquake damage information by use of PolSAR has the advantage of timeliness and accuracy. This paper shows a summary of the methods for extracting seismic damage information based on PolSAR data. It firstly review the development of PolSAR and then summarizes the application and comparative analysis of the data types (multi-source data, multi-temporal data and single-temporal data) for extracting seismic damage of buildings in the past 10 years. Next, the methods of building earthquake damage extraction based on polarization decomposition and polarization characteristics and texture features is summarized. Finally, the research work is proposed to supplement the deficiency of PolSAR in earthquake damage extraction accuracy with the combination of geographic information data POI.     

Seismic microzonation of the historic peninsula of İstanbul

In this study, the geological and geotechnical conditions of old Istanbul (Fatih and Eminönü provinces) were investigated in detail and a seismic microzonation study was undertaken for this historical peninsula, which is the site of many ancient structures. Dynamic site response, liquefaction potential and slope stability analyses were carried out, based on field and laboratory tests and earthquake time histories computed with respect to probabilities of exceedance of 10 and 40% in 50 years. The output data obtained from the analyses were evaluated by GIS techniques, and ground shaking, liquefaction susceptibility and landslide hazard maps were prepared.     

控制点地震前后稳定性研究方法探讨

通过对某项目连续观测数据进行精密处理,对基线向量变化进行定性、定量及统计分析,研究各控制点在地震前后稳定性变化规律,探索稳定性分析方法,确保项目的顺利开展。     

汶川第二小学电气设计

介绍汶川第二小学重建的电气设计,指出设计人员应根据项目的具体情况,选择较为合理的电气设计方案,制定配合结构隔震设计的电气技术措施,并与建设主体各方密切配合,完善施工图设计,搞好后期服务。