冬施混凝土防冻剂选用质量原则分析

用非统计法原理分析了冬施中砼防冻剂选用的质量原则,并根据不同气温条件下,选用防冻剂品种,给出了控制冬期砼施工质量的防冻剂砼强度验收界限,供施工单位参考。     

大流动性道桥快速修补混凝土的冬季施工

使用大流动性、防冻快速修补商品混凝土,对石家庄市仓安路桥下混凝土引道进行抢修,施工面积达200m2,冬季施工,实现4h开放交通,介绍了有关技术参数和施工经验.     

中国建筑工程冬施基本方法问题（上）

论述了能够覆盖整个中国范围内冬季进行建筑工程施工的基本方法、特点、适应范围，并就广义综合蓄热法冬期施工成套技术中应解决的基本问题进行重点讨论。     

Field study of human thermal comfort and thermal adaptability during the summer and winter in Beijing

This study was conducted during the summer and winter in Beijing. Classrooms and offices in a university were used to conduct the survey. The respondents’ thermal sensation and thermal adaptability in both seasons were analyzed. During the study, indoor environmental parameters including air temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity were measured. The respondents’ thermal sensation was determined by questionnaire.A relationship between indoor temperature and thermal sensation was found. In the summer study, the “scissors difference” between TSV and PMV was observed in the air-conditioned environments if the temperature was out of the neutral zone. People had higher tolerance in the hot environment than PMV predicted. During winter, the outdoor temperature had a prominent influence on thermal adaptability. The low outdoor temperature made people adapt to the cold environment. When the indoor temperature was heated to a high temperature by space heating facilities, respondents felt uncomfortable since their adaptability to the cold environment was nullified.Furthermore, the differences in thermal responses between respondents from North and South China showed that the different climates of people's native regions also affected their thermal comfort and adaptability.     

缓/控释肥对小麦增产与提高氮肥利用率的效果研究

以不施氮肥、尿素基施和尿素基追比5∶5等3个处理做对照,对3种包膜缓/控释肥处理冬小麦产量、产量相关因子、不同时期植株含氮量及肥料利用率进行了分析比较。结果表明,缓/控释肥处理的以上几个指标均接近于尿素基追比5∶5处理。与尿素基施相比,包膜缓/控释肥增产10.03%~11.17%,有效穗数和穗粒数增加,返青-拔节期植株含氮量明显提高,氮肥利用率提高了6.18%~11.57%。3种缓/控释肥相比较,产量、产量因子、植株含氮量及肥料利用率没有显著性差异。     

A risk analysis of winter navigation in Finnish sea areas

Winter navigation is a complex but common operation in north-European sea areas. In Finnish waters, the smooth flow of maritime traffic and safety of vessel navigation during the winter period are managed through the Finnish–Swedish winter navigation system (FSWNS). This article focuses on accident risks in winter navigation operations, beginning with a brief outline of the FSWNS. The study analyses a hazard identification model of winter navigation and reviews accident data extracted from four winter periods. These are adopted as a basis for visualizing the risks in winter navigation operations. The results reveal that experts consider ship independent navigation in ice conditions the most complex navigational operation, which is confirmed by accident data analysis showing that the operation constitutes the type of navigation with the highest number of accidents reported. The severity of the accidents during winter navigation is mainly categorized as less serious. Collision is the most typical accident in ice navigation and general cargo the type of vessel most frequently involved in these accidents. Consolidated ice, ice ridges and ice thickness between 15 and 40 cm represent the most common ice conditions in which accidents occur. Thus, the analysis presented in this article establishes the key elements for identifying the operation types which would benefit most from further safety engineering and safety or risk management development.     

2022年北京冬奥会吉祥物“冰墩墩”设计历程

目的 以创作亲历者的视角透视和阐释“冰墩墩”这一新时代“讲好中国故事,做好国际传播”的典型案例。方法 以事中参与者与事后旁观者2个角度对“冰墩墩”从创作到传播再到影响的全过程进行综述,并对其成功背后的原因展开讨论。结论 “冰墩墩”作为一个被市场证明的成功设计,向全球公众充分展示了“和平、温暖、可爱”的中国文化形象,其背后的经验或能为往后的相关案例带来启示。     

BIM技术在北京冬季奥运村人才公租房项目一标段工程装配式钢结构住宅施工中应用方法

BIM技术应用经过几年的飞速发展,已被证明在提升企业信息化水平,推进项目管理信息系统的升级,提升企业核心竞争力方面发挥着重要作用,装配式建筑管理信息化更是离不开BIM技术的支持。为了实现BIM技术在装配式钢结构住宅全生命周期应用,发挥建筑产业化、信息化的综合效益,提升建筑品质,本文从施工总承包管理的角度,从工程技术、质量、安全、进度方面利用BIM技术取得的实际效益进行论述,梳理各阶段的BIM应用成果。     

What role does stratification play during winter in wind-induced exchange between the multi-depth basins of a large lake (Lake Geneva)?

Detailed studies of wind-driven interbasin exchange in lakes, focusing on the underlying driving forces and how they are affected by stratification, are presently lacking. We therefore investigated how stratification modifies wind-induced exchange between the Petit Lac (PL) (depth 75 m) and Grand Lac (GL) (depth 309 m) basins of Lake Geneva in winter, using field observations, 3D hydrodynamic modeling and particle tracking. Early, weakly-stratified (December) and late, fully-mixed (March) winter conditions in the PL were compared for a typical, strong along-axis wind forcing. During early winter, two-layer exchange develops between the basins, with downwind surface outflow into the GL balanced by intense bottom inflow of deep, cold hypolimnetic GL water into the PL which is enhanced by baroclinic pressure gradients caused by upwelling in the GL. Furthermore, the transversal water-level setup generates barotropic pressure gradients that balance Coriolis force acting on the outflow. This produces unidirectional along-wind epilimnion currents that strengthen interbasin exchange. In late winter, with the thermocline deeper than the PL bottom, upwelling in the GL does not reach the confluence and baroclinicity plays no role, resulting in weaker exchange currents with a depth-veering structure in the upper layers due to Coriolis force. In late winter, interbasin exchange decreases by 50 %, is more local, affects only waters near the confluence, and is more horizontal, with no deepwater upwelling from the GL. Our results suggest that prolonged winter stratification due to global warming will make wind-induced hypolimnetic interbasin-upwelling an increasingly important deepwater renewal process in large multi-depth basin lakes.