介质访问控制层拒绝服务攻击的入侵检测系统

针对无线局域网安全防护手段的不足,结合无线局域网介质访问控制层拒绝服务攻击的特点,设计了基于支持向量机算法的入侵检测系统。该系统利用支持向量机分类准确性高的特点,构建支持向量机最优分类超平面和分类判决函数,对网络流量进行分类识别,完成对异常流量的检测。在OPNET平台下进行无线局域网环境入侵检测仿真,仿真结果表明,该系统能有效地检测出针对无线局域网介质访问控制层的拒绝服务攻击。     

Investigation of mass transport in gas diffusion layer at the air cathode of a PEMFC

In a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), slow diffusion in the gas diffusion electrode may induce oxygen depletion when using air at the cathode. This work focuses on the behavior of a single PEMFC built with a Nafion^® based MEA and an E-TEK gas diffusion layer and fed at the cathode with nitrogen containing 5, 10 and 20% of oxygen and working at different cell temperatures and relative humidities. The purpose is to apply the experimental impedance technique to cells wherein transport limitations at the cathode are significant. In parallel, a model is proposed to interpret the polarization curves and the impedance diagrams of a single PEMFC. The model accounts for mass transport through the gas diffusion electrode. It allows us to qualitatively analyze the experimental polarization curves and the corresponding impedance spectra and highlights the intra-electrode processes and the influence of the gas diffusion layer.     

Ameliorating effect of silica addition in the anode-catalyst layer of the membrane electrode assemblies for polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Incorporation of silica particles through a sol-gel process into the anode-catalyst layer with a sol-gel modified Nafion-silica composite membrane renders easy retention of back-diffused water from the cathode to anode through the composite membrane electrolyte, increases the catalyst-layer wettability and improves the performance of the Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) while operating under relative humidity (RH) values ranging between 18% and 100% with gaseous hydrogen and oxygen reactants at atmospheric pressure. A peak power density of 300 mW cm⁻² is achieved at a load current-density value of 1200 mA cm⁻² for the PEFC employing a sol-gel modified Nafion-silica composite membrane and operating at 18% RH. Under similar operating conditions, the PEFC with a Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) comprising Nafion-silica composite membrane with silica in the anode-catalyst layer delivers a peak power density of 375 mW cm⁻². By comparison, the PEFC employing commercial Nafion membrane fails to deliver satisfactory performance at 18% RH due to the limited availability of water at its anode, acerbated electro-osmotic drag of water from anode to cathode and insufficient water back diffusion from cathode to anode causing the MEA to dehydrate.     

Synthesis of nanodispersed oxides of vanadium, titanium, molybdenum, and tungsten on mesoporous silica using atomic layer deposition

The advantages of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) method for preparation of tungsten, vanadium, titanium, and molybdenum oxide catalyst supported on mesoporous silica are discussed, with emphasis on the importance of synthesis conditions on dispersion, structure and activity of the resulting materials. A suite of complementary techniques such as DRS-UV/Vis, BET, ¹H-NMR, XRD, and TEM were used to study the structural properties of the supported metal oxides, and probe reactions such as 2-butanol dehydration and ethanol partial oxidation were used to demonstrate the potential advantages of the ALD-prepared catalysts. Specifically, highly dispersed oxides of titanium, molybdenum, and tungsten oxide on mesoporous silica were synthesized using the ALD method. It is also demonstrated that attainment of high dispersions of vanadium oxide on mesoporous silica requires the presence of at least a single layer of titanium oxide due to the well-known poor interaction between vanadia and silica. The highly dispersed catalysts prepared here by ALD methods exhibited superior catalytic performance relative to those prepared using conventional incipient wetness impregnation.     

混凝土现浇箱形拱圈与拱架联合作用研究

混凝土箱型拱桥在无支墩拱式拱架上现浇施工时,采用分环分段的施工方法,可以利用拱圈与拱架的联合作用,减少钢拱架的用钢量,达到节省施工成本的目的.通过大型通用有限元软件MSC.Marc2005的模拟及实桥测试数据的分析,发现先期浇注的混凝土拱环与拱架的联合作用明显,拱圈可承担其自重的43%,即拱架只承担拱圈重量的57%,利用联合作用可节约用钢量达30%.同时提出了一个估算拱架承担拱圈重量的公式,该公式简便实用,并通过两种施工工艺的计算结果验证了该公式的准确性,可用于指导初步设计.     

一类SP结构的不可能差分区分器证明

针对分组密码SP结构的不可能差分区分器轮数的下界进行证明,提出的方法使用线性代数的理论,对系数矩阵P及P-1进行分析,提出了系数矩阵部分子空间存在两个行向量线性相关时,可证明至少存在四轮不可能差分区分器。uBlock算法是SPN结构,提出的方法对uBlock算法进行了分析验证,说明了结论的正确性,进一步,使用该算法搜索到比uBlock算法设计文档更多的不可能差分区分器。针对SPN结构线性扩散层P,使用了本原指数的概念,使用线性扩散层P的本原指数对SPN结构不可能差分的轮数进行论证。分析结果表明,分组密码SP结构至少存在四轮不可能差分区分器。     

杨房沟水电站地下洞室关键岩石力学问题及工程对策研究

杨房沟水电站地下洞室群规模宏大、地质条件复杂,施工期围岩稳定问题突出。为解决洞室开挖过程中普遍揭露的脆性岩体高应力破坏、缓倾结构面导致的顶拱变形破坏、喷层开裂脱落等岩石力学问题,结合施工地质、监测成果和数值模拟开展动态反馈分析,对洞群围岩稳定性进行了系统地分析和预测。结果表明,在洞室群开挖过程中,上游侧拱肩位置存在应力集中,是导致脆性硬岩发生片帮破坏的主要原因,而及时、有效的系统支护对抑制围岩应力型破坏至关重要;缓倾结构面对顶拱围岩变形与稳定起着控制性作用,主要表现为断层下盘岩体坍塌破坏和深层变形问题;在中高地应力条件下,受不利地质构造和施工质量等因素控制,洞室顶拱混凝土喷层容易发生开裂、脱落问题。通过开展施工期围岩监测反馈分析,不仅能够解释围岩变形破坏机制,而且能够为支护设计优化和信息化施工提供科学依据。     

土工格栅加筋包边填砂路堤模型试验研究

为探究包边填砂路堤荷载作用下的极限承载力特性、破坏形态规律及加筋性状,设计了土工格栅加筋包边填砂路堤结构,改装美国GCTS公司的USTX-2000动静三轴加载装置进行加载,通过改变加筋层数、筋材布置长度及包边土厚度对土工格栅包边填砂路堤进行一系列试验。对不同工况下包边填砂路堤的极限承载力、封层及坡面法向累积变形、位移变化进行研究。试验结果表明:土工格栅加筋和增加包边土厚度可以显著提高包边填砂路堤的极限承载力,并能减小封层中、封层右及坡顶、坡中的法向累积变形;无筋路堤的滑动面在路堤内呈折线状且并未通过坡脚侵入地基,在坡顶的黏土和砂芯交界处产生最大位移;土工格栅加筋及增加包边土厚度可以使滑动面向路堤内部迁移但形态不变,且最大位移处向路堤内部迁移。     

基于薄层单元的黏弹性人工边界的模拟

为了解决黏弹性人工边界在实际应用过程中前处理时间长、不易实现等不足之处,提出了基于薄层单元的黏弹性人工边界的模拟方法。利用单元矩阵等效原理,采用薄层单元构造了等效黏弹性边界单元,并通过在大型通用有限元软件MSC Marc中设置等效黏弹性边界单元的参数属性,实现了黏弹性人工边界的模拟。三维均匀弹性半空间算例和某混凝土重力坝工程实例结果表明:采用等效黏弹性边界单元得到的计算结果与理论解、基于黏弹性人工边界的计算值非常相近,相对误差不超过1%。因此,采用薄层单元的模拟的黏弹性人工边界具有足够的精度,且施加方便,这为实际工程进行抗震分析提供了简便且精确的方法。     

广义空间调制系统中的物理层抗窃听传输方案

为实现信息的保密传输,提出一种基于广义空间调制技术的物理层安全方案.发射端根据合法信道的状态信息对信号进行预处理,使合法接收者接收到来自各激活发射天线的信号相位对齐,并对不同激活天线组合的信号进行不同的相位旋转,提高合法接收者的接收性能.而窃听者接收到的信号相位仍然为随机分布,接收性能远低于合法接收者,有效地保护通过天线索引传输的信息.发送端同时发送指向窃听者的人工噪声,保护通过幅相调制携带的信息不被窃听.对保密容量、误码性能和信号与人工噪声的功率分配进行理论分析,仿真结果表明,通过合理分配功率,合法接收者的误码性能明显优于窃听者,能获得可观的系统保密容量.