Synthesis and properties of styrene–EPDM–vinyl acetate graft polymer

The styrene–EPDM–vinylacetate (SEV) graft polymer, which linked respectively the styrene (St) unit and vinylacetate the (VAc) unit to the ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM) backbone was synthesized by two‐step graft polymerizations: First the graft polymerization of VAc onto EPDM was carried out, and then St was added successively in the prepolymerized solution and further polymerized for a given period to obtain SEV. The effects of concentration of EPDM and an initiator, mole ratio of VAc to St, polymerization time, temperature, and solvent were examined on the graft polymerizations. The synthesized graft polymers (SEVs) that have different contents of St or VAc were identified by Fourier transform IR spectrum. The highest graft ratio has been obtained by 10 wt % of EPDM, 1.0 mole ratio of VAc to St, and 1.0 wt % of BPO in toluene for 48 h at 70°C. The glass transition temperature of SEV is lower than that of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) and polystyrene (PS). The thermal stability of SEV is higher than that of PVAc, PS, and the acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) resin. The tensile strength of SEV was improved as compared with that of EPDM. The light resistance and weatherability of SEV were better than those of ABS. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 2296–2304, 2000     

CNTs阵列增强石蜡/硅橡胶复合相变垫片的散热性能研究

电子技术的高速发展对散热技术提出了更高的要求,热界面材料作为散热技术的关键材料之一,面临着提高热导率以及减小传热热阻的挑战。将垂直碳纳米管阵列(VACNTs)和固-液相变材料石蜡(PA)与硅橡胶(SR)复合,研制了一种新型VACNTs/PA/SR复合相变垫片。研究表明,通过磁场校准方法可以使表面改性的镀镍多壁CNTs在SR中实现垂直定向排列,所得VACNTs/SR垫片较CNTs随机排列的垫片具有更高的热导率,并确定VACNTs/SR垫片中CNTs的适宜含量为6%(质量),对应垫片的热导率可达0.71 W/(m·K)。对于固定CNTs含量为6%(质量)但PA含量不同的一系列VACNTs/PA/SR相变垫片,PA的添加量不大于12.5%(质量)时,相变垫片克服了液态PA的泄漏问题;相变垫片在PA发生固-液相变后表现出硬度显著下降,热阻减少可达55.14%,并具备优异的热可靠性。将最佳VACNTs/SR垫片样品及最佳VACNTs/PA/SR相变垫片样品进行散热性能对比发现,与使用VACNTs/SR垫片的情况相比,使用VACNTs/PA/SR相变垫片时的模拟芯片不仅在温度上升阶段的升温速率更小,而且当芯片温度达到平衡后对应的平衡温度也更低,降低了3.5℃,显示出更好的散热性能。VACNTs/PA/SR相变垫片优良的特性和散热性能使其在电子设备散热领域具有良好的应用前景。     

A comparative study on the effect of carbon-based and ceramic additives on the properties of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites for high temperature applications

Ablative composites have been in use for thermal protection of space vehicles for decades. Carbon-phenolic composites have proven to perform exceptionally well in these applications. However with development in aerospace industry their performance needs improvement. In this field, different carbon-based and ceramic additives have been introduced into ablative composite systems. This review article gives a comparative analysis of researches done in this field in the recent past. Density, ablative, thermal and mechanical properties of ablative composites with different ultra-high temperature ceramic particles i.e. ZrSi₂, Cenosphere, nano-SiO₂, BN etc. and carbon-based nanoparticles i.e. CNTs, nano-Diamonds, Graphene oxide etc. used as additives, have been compared and discussed. Emphasis is put on carbon-phenolic composite systems although some epoxy matrix systems have also been discussed for comparison.     

Autotaxin-LPA-LPP3 Axis in Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Disease

Besides serving as a structural membrane component and intermediate of the glycerolipid metabolism, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has a prominent role as a signaling molecule through its binding to LPA receptors at the cell surface. Extracellular LPA is primarily produced from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) through the activity of secreted lysophospholipase D, autotaxin (ATX). The degradation of extracellular LPA to monoacylglycerol is mediated by lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) at the cell membrane. This review summarizes and interprets current literature on the role of the ATX-LPA-LPP3 axis in the regulation of energy homeostasis, insulin function, and adiposity at baseline and under conditions of obesity. We also discuss how the ATX-LPA-LPP3 axis influences obesity-related metabolic complications, including insulin resistance, fatty liver disease, and cardiomyopathy.     

农用杀螨剂应用、开发现状及展望

介绍了农用杀螨剂的开发简史，研究开发现状，我国农用杀螨剂的应用现状以及面临的问题等，并对杀螨剂的开发前景进行了讨论。     

风洞中滑雪运动空气阻力特性测量方法

为研究滑雪运动员所受的空气阻力特性,在风洞中设计一种阻力特性的实验测量方法.在采用天平测量运动员所受空气阻力的同时,通过图像采集与处理获取运动员的迎风投影面积,进而计算出其对应的阻力系数.运动员在风洞中模拟不同的运动姿势,获取各姿势下的数据.实验结果表明:随着人体从站立到蹲下,空气阻力和阻力系数呈减小的趋势,半蹲姿势阻力特性最为稳定,且阻力系数较小.该方法可为训练提供参考建议与指导.     

细长体自旋与锥动耦合运动作用下的流动结构研究

利用刚性网格运动技术和计算流体力学数值模拟相结合的方法,分析了带鸭舵细长体锥形运动和自转运动耦合作用下的空气动力学特性。研究了带鸭舵细长体耦合运动下的气动力系数随旋转角变化情况,对相同转速、不同攻角下的鸭舵诱导涡系结构和尾翼流场结构进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：耦合运动状态下,细长体的流场结构兼顾锥形运动和自转运动的特点,但又互相干扰、相互融合,涡系发展情况更为复杂,气动力曲线呈现周期性且有规律的振荡;攻角的增加将加剧涡系结构的破坏程度,并改变尾翼附近环状压力等值线的分布形状。     

简控火箭弹舵翼气动干扰特性研究

为了研究固定鸭舵简控火箭弹舵翼气动干扰特性,在验证数值方法适用性和可靠性的基础上,采用数值模拟方法对该弹气动特性进行仿真分析。计算得到不同弹长和不同舵翼相对夹角(鸭舵组件反旋角)工况下由鸭舵和尾翼产生的空气动力参数,仿真获得火箭弹外流场压力分布。研究分析了弹体长径比和舵翼相对夹角对鸭舵和尾翼气动特性的影响规律。结果表明:鸭舵与尾翼之间的气动干扰受弹体长径比影响,当弹体长径比达到一定数值时鸭舵对尾翼的气动干扰消失,且这种舵翼气动干扰特性对不同舵翼相对夹角情况同样适用; 研究结果可用于简化固定鸭舵火箭弹气动特性的研究方法,提高火箭弹气动外形设计效率。     

舵面形状对铰链力矩的影响分析

为研究舵面形状对铰链力矩的影响,运用CFD技术模拟某无翼式布局弹箭在不同马赫数下的尾舵受力分布情况,分别对尾舵前缘根弦、后缘梢弦与后缘根弦进行小面积的裁剪,得到三组弹身-尾舵组合体,分别对各组合体进行数值模拟,得到各组合体在不同马赫数下的舵面压心、铰链力矩以及全弹气动特性系数。结果表明,裁剪尾舵前缘使舵面压心更分散; 裁剪尾舵后缘使舵面压心更集中,有利于铰链轴的设计,可有效减小铰链力矩; 裁剪尾舵对全弹的气动特性有微小的影响。     

亚稳态金属材料抗空蚀性能研究

用旋转圆盘实验机研究了三种金属材料的空蚀。试验结果表明 :Fe -Mn -Si形状记忆合金、Fe -Cr-Ni-Mn不锈钢空蚀中分别诱发产生密排六方晶体结构的马氏体和体心立方晶体结构的马氏体 ,其抗空蚀性能依次为 0Cr13Ni5Mo不锈钢的 7.3倍和 2 .1倍。亚稳态金属材料抗空蚀性能与空蚀过程中动态相变对应力的响应密切相关。空蚀诱发马氏体相变不仅有利于改善材料抗空蚀性能 ,而且马氏体相变及其逆转变引起的能量耗散和伪弹性大大提高了Fe-Mn -Si铁基形状记忆合金的抗空蚀性能