“过滤”对配合料碳酸钠含量测定的影响

分析了通常"不过虑法"测定玻璃配合料含碱量的结果与料方设定值有较大差异的原因,详细介绍了"过滤法"测定玻璃配合料含碱量,并对改进前后的方法进行了对比试验。     

Specific Separation of Gallium,Gold, and Magnesium,and Separation of Be-AI-Ga on Stannic Molybdate Papers

Abstract

Chromatography of 47 cations in 11 solvent systems has been performed on stannic molybdate ion exchange papers. Some difficult separations, e.g., Rb from Cs, Al-Be-Ga, and Tl-In, and specific separations of Ga, Au and Mg from numerous metal ions, have been achieved. R _F values of some common metal ions on these papers have been compared with R _F values of these cations on stannic tungstate and stannic phosphate papers. The preparation of papers is easy and the results are reproducible.     

Fractionation of Lignocellulosic Materials for the Biorefinery: Separation and Characterization of Lignin from Calamagrostis angustifolia Kom

Dewaxed Calamagrostis angustifolia Kom was pretreated with hot water at 60 and 90°C for 3 h, and then the residue obtained was successively treated with 70% ethanol, and 70% ethanol containing 0.2%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0%, and 8.0% NaOH at 80°C for 3 h. The dissolved components were subjected to further separation to get eight lignin fractions, which were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared, and sugar analysis. All the lignin fractions had small weight-average molecular weights between 810 and 2580 g/mol. Two typical lignins, L₃ (prepared with 70% ethanol) and L₅ (prepared with 70% ethanol containing 1.0% NaOH), were further analyzed using ¹H, ¹³C NMR and HSQC spectroscopy. Signals from guaiacyl (G), syringyl (S), and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units observed in aromatic/olefinic region of HSQC spectra indicated that the lignin from Calamagrostis angustifolia Kom could be classified as “GSH” lignin. In aliphatic-oxygenated region, β-O-4′ together with small amounts of β-5′, β-β′, and p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohol end group were the main interunit linkages observed. Aqueous ethanol, which could avoid the cleavage of ether bonds in lignin at neutral condition, was more effective than water on lignin extraction.     

改性烷醇酰胺类表面活性剂驱油体系研究

考察了改性烷醇酰胺阴-非离子表面活性剂（NBS）复合驱油体系的界面张力和驱油效果。实验表明,NBS的无碱二元驱油体系在较宽的表面活性剂及聚合物浓度范围内都具有较好的界面活性和稳定性。模拟驱油实验中,所选的NBS无碱二元驱油体系在水驱基础上可提高采收率18,73%以上,与相同条件下三元复合驱采收率相接近。此外,将NBS表面活性剂与现有重烷基苯磺酸盐（HABS）的三元复合体系进行复配后,可有效降低三元驱中强碱的使用浓度,且体系界面活性及稳定性等指标均满足油田要求。     

三元复合驱采出水处理研究进展

随着三元复合驱采油技术在油田的广泛应用,三元复合驱采出水产量不断增加。三元复合驱采出水水质复杂,具有矿化度高、黏度大、含油乳化程度高、小油滴含量高、油水分离困难等特点,对油田生产和环境的影响日益严重。因此,开展三元复合驱采出水高效处理方法的研究成为一项重要的任务。本文分析了影响三元复合驱采出水油水分离特性的各种因素,介绍了目前国内应用于三元采出水处理的先进技术,如膜分离法、气浮选分离法、高级氧化法、微生物法等,阐述了这些处理技术的优势及存在的问题,重点介绍了气浮选分离法和微生物法在三元采出水处理中的应用情况,并对大庆油田三元复合驱采出水现场处理工艺进行了介绍,最后对今后的研究工作提出了一些展望。     

可编程序控制器在离子膜制碱工艺联锁中的应用

综述了AB可编程序控制器在离子膜制工艺联锁控制中的应用,实现了联锁的最优控制,该系统在大庆油田氯碱厂投运两年多,运行良好,响应时间快,动作准确,免于维护,取得了较好的经济效益。     

碱熔法提铝的工艺研究

对用碱熔法从明矾石中提取铝进行了实验。通过研究不同温度,摩尔比及反应时间对Al2O3转化率的影响摸索出碱熔提铝的最佳工艺条件。     

固体酸碱催化马来松香酯化反应

采用MgO、Zr(SO4 ) 2·4H2 O和Ce(SO4 ) 2·4H2 O等几种固体酸碱以及它们的混合物催化马来松香与甘油酯化反应 ,并与传统固体酸催化剂ZnO比较 ,探讨不同固体酸碱的催化酯化效果、催化剂对反应温度的影响、固体碱MgO用量与酯化反应的速度以及不同加料方式对催化反应的影响等。研究结果在工业生产上有应用价值     

重烷基苯磺酸盐生产工艺及驱油剂性能的改进

重烷基苯磺酸盐（HABS）是一种适合驱油用的廉价表面活性剂,采用常规磺化工艺重烷基苯（HAB）,磺化率一般低于70%,且产品耐碱性较差。通过研究末磺化油组成和反应条件之间的关系,发现浓度磺化（SO3/HABmol比达到1.2）能在一定程度上提高HAB的磺化率,而加入少量稀释剂在温和的磺化条件下即可使用HAB磺化率提高到80%左右,改进的HABS驱油剂配方能在很宽的碱浓度范围和较宽的表面活性剂浓度范围内使大庆原油/地层水平面张力降至超低,并能在400mg/L～500mg/L硬水介质中使大庆原油界面张力降至超低。     

Roman glazed inkwells from the “Nuovo Mercato di Testaccio” (Rome,Italy): Production technology

This study is focused on Roman lead-glazed inkwells from the archaeological site of the “Nuovo Mercato di Testaccio” (Rome, Italy) dated in the half 2nd century AD. Optical microscopy (OM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) have been used. Petrographic analysis of the body indicated the occurrence of only one fabric. The reaction zone at the contact glaze/body is marked by the enucleating of euhedral Pb-bearing alkali feldspar from a felsic melt enriched in Pb as revealed by EMP analysis. The mineralogical assemblages of the body and glaze, the microstructure and the chemical composition suggest that the inkwells were fired in the range 950–1100 °C, under oxidizing conditions.