Beer choice and consumption determinants when craft beers are tasted: An exploratory study of consumer preferences

The aim of this paper is to study the emerging craft beer industry from a consumer preference perspective. The craft beer industry is one of the growing segments in the beverage industry and its increasing popularity also affects individuals’ commercial beer preferences and consumption trends, although no empirical study has yet been carried out in Europe on this topic. Our exploratory study is aimed at comparing the “purely” commercial beer consumer profile with that of commercial beer consumers who have already tasted craft beers. It was observed that aroma and perceived quality, as well as the preference for draft beer, drinking beer frequently or by oneself are all factors that explain the propensity of “purely” commercial beer drinkers to taste craft beer. It was also found that beer consumers’ evaluations of characteristics and brands differed depending on whether they had previously tasted craft beer or not. Moreover, craft beer is chosen according to different flavor preferences compared to commercial beer, it is mainly drunk by frequent beer drinkers in pubs and with family members and it is perceived to be of higher quality than commercial beer due to the raw materials used for brewing and its overall quality. These results can help both new entrepreneurs in the craft beer segment as well as big manufacturing firms in trying to better understand this new consumption trend in order to meet the new needs and preferences of beer consumers.     

层次分析法在择校问题中的应用

数学无处不在,比如小升初择校问题.公立学校升学率低、但校园环境好、私立学校升学率高、但其他条件却无法与公立学校相比,到底应该如何选择？使用层次分析法来指导家长择校,首先选取一些比较准则,如升学率、环境等,给出在家长心目中的权重,然后根据每一准则对学校进行排序,结合两层的排序得到总排序,排在第一位的学校就是最理想的学校.     

变电站UPS的选择及其配电方式探讨

结合变电站供电电源的特点,阐述了UPS的选择及其配电方式,对UPS在实践应用中存在的问题进行了分析,提出了具体的解决方案。     

Valuing the environment in developing countries: modelling the impact of distrust in public authorities' ability to deliver public services on the citizens' willingness to pay for improved environmental quality

In this paper, we employ the choice experiment method to estimate citizens' valuation of an intervention that proposes to improve the quality of the wastewater deposited in the Ganges River, India. We interviewed 150 randomly selected citizens of Chandernagore, along the banks of the Ganges River, to elicit their willingness to pay (WTP) for this intervention, measured in terms of higher municipality taxes. The findings reveal that almost all of the citizens value wastewater quality, though majority protested the intervention, and stated that they donot trust the authorities for effective management of funds. These protest responses were controlled for with the nested logit model. The results reveal that the citizens are willing to pay significant amounts for improved wastewater quality. Municipalities could rely to some extent on their citizens' WTP higher taxes but municipalities' performance, trustworthiness, accountability, as well as the citizens' perceptions of these, should be improved.     

中心镇的选择与评价——以郴州市嘉禾县为例

以郴州市嘉禾县为对象,在确立乡镇发展目标和影响要素的基础上,运用层次分析法建立了中心镇发展潜力的评价体系,以德尔菲法确定权重,并将该模型运用于郴州市嘉禾县城乡统筹总体规划项目中,以期为该县乃至全国城镇化发展有所裨益。     

三维疏散仿真平台CDS的构建及功能验证

基于正方形网格元胞自动机模型,开发了三维疏散仿真平台CDS.该软件通过读取AutoCAD图纸建立建筑模型并提供简便的楼梯建模方法.软件考虑了人员密度和疏散距离对人员行走速度的影响;通过设置不同的出口类型,考虑人员对建筑的熟悉程度及出口选择策略.模型验证表明,CDS平台计算精度高,能满足疏散仿真的工程需求.     

金属矿床评价计算模型的综合比较与选优

评估体系是实现企业开发决策及其科学生产的主要手段。本文通过对综合评价法、TOPSIS法和ELECTRE法的分析与比较,将三种算法相济运用;在三种算法所得结果不一致时,得出用社会选择方法来判定那个方法的评价结果可信度更高的结论。     

矿井移动通信技术难题及解决方案探讨

介绍了我国煤矿井下移动通信现状,分析了技术上的难题-巷道对无线传输的影响、弱信号接收和井下环境噪声干扰,提出了解决途径。同时指出,陆地移动通信技术解决方案完全可以解决井下移动通信难题。