浅谈新型电解铝控制管理系统软件的开发

铝电解是一个复杂的工业控制过程,计算机技术的发展及在电解铝工艺上的应用,推动了电解槽生产过程控制自动化程度的不断加深,本文就75KA新型电解铝控制管理系统软件的开发及遇到的问题进行分析。     

CAN总线在电解铝生产系统的应用

CAN总线是数字分布式实时串行通信技术控制网络。本文介绍了CAN总线及其特点,论述了它在电解铝厂电解槽系列控制系统中的应用。     

低温铝电解温度的选择与控制

介绍了在对85kA低温铝电解槽进行低温电解工艺改造工程中,通过对初晶温度和过热度的研究来选择电解温度,通过对电解质分子比进行调整来控制电解温度的原理和方法     

硅铝铁合金中硅、铝、铁的快速测定

试样以硝酸、氢氟酸溶解后，用硼酸配位络合过量的氢氟酸，定容后，移取部分用钼蓝光度法测定硅含量。另取部分加高氯酸加热冒烟驱除去硅和氟，消除干扰，加过量的EDTA标准溶液与铝络合，用锌标准溶液滴定过量的EDTA标准溶液，加入氟化铵释放出与铝络合的EDTA，再用锌标准溶液滴定，求得铝含量。以三氯化钛一重铬酸钾滴定法测定含铁量。     

Microstructure Formation in AlSi7Mg Alloys Directionally Solidified in a Rotating Magnetic Field

To produce high stressed automotive components like engine frames and cylinder heads in foundry industry often AlSi7Mg alloys are used. During mould filling and casting melt flow affects the development of the microstructure, which defines the mechanical properties. In this paper the microstructure formation in AlSi7Mg0.3 and AlSi7Mg0.6 alloys during directional solidification is investigated. To induce a forced melt flow a rotating magnetic field is applied. For that purpose a Bridgman‐type gradient furnace is equipped with a rotary ring magnet. For detailed investigation of the shape of the solid‐liquid interface and the primary dendrite spacing a decanting device is used. As a result, the forced melt flow substantially changes the dendritic solidification microstructure. The rotating magnetic field generates a radial secondary flow in and ahead of the mushy zone, which causes an enrichment of eutectics in the centre of the samples. At lower solidification velocities this locally leads to the transition to mixed columnar‐equiaxed or even to equiaxed growth. In that case the solid‐liquid interfaces of the decanted samples show a significant depression in the centre part. In the out‐of‐centre region columnar growth still exists and the primary dendrite spacing decreases with increasing melt flow.     

Preparation and characterization of poly(o-phenylenediamine) microrods using ferric chloride as an oxidant

Microrods of poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD) were synthesized by a templateless method using ferric chloride as an oxidant. The microrod morphologies of the resulting PoPD were confirmed by scanning electron microscopic (SEM) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images. When the concentration of o-phenylenediamine (oPD) was 0.03 M, the microrods of PoPD had a diameter in the range of 0.5-2 μm and a length from 2 μm to 20 μm. It was found that the concentration of oPD monomer had much influence on the morphology of the obtained PoPD. When the concentration of oPD was lower than 0.03 M, long microrods could be observed. However, when the concentration of oPD monomer was higher than 0.12 M, the length of the microrods became very short and the diameter became bigger. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-vis absorption spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the structure of the obtained PoPD microrods.     

卤水-氨法制备纤维状碱式氯化镁

以MgCl2·H2O和NH3·H2O为原料，采用直接沉淀法合成纤维状碱式氯化镁。考察了各种因素对产物理化性能的影响，获得了最佳的工艺条件。利用XRD、SEM及化学分析方法对产品进行了表征。     

铝合金表面陶瓷层耐磨性能

利用微弧氧化技术在LY12铝合金表面原位生长陶瓷层，实验中电解液由5g／LNaOH、10g／LNaSiO3和5gm（NaPO3）6组成，并加入适量催化剂KOH和十二烷基苯磺酸钠。用SEM、XRD分析了微弧氧化陶瓷层的表面形貌和相结构，利用WTM-1型球-盘磨损实验机对铝合金表面陶瓷层的耐磨性能进行了研究。结果表明：铝合金在电流密度7A／dm^2、电解液的温度20～40℃、处理时间20min条件下，铝合金表面可以原位形成均匀致密的陶瓷改性层。微弧氧化处理后的试样在干摩擦小滑动距离下表现出良好的耐磨性能。     

Effects of CdCl2 treatment on the properties of CdS films prepared by r.f. magnetron sputtering

Effects of the thickness of CdCl₂ layer and the annealing on structural and optical properties of sputter-deposited CdS films were investigated. The annealing process of evaporated CdCl₂ was carried out by heating the sample in air at 350-500 °C for 20 min. As the thickness of the CdCl₂ increases, the (002) peak of CdS becomes weak and the other peaks of CdS increases. Especially, for 200 nm CdCl₂, the preferential orientation of the (002) plane disappears and the c-axis of the CdS film tends to orient parallel to the substrate. As the CdCl₂ layer is thicker, the grains are enlarged significantly. The improvement of optical properties of CdS films with thicker CdCl₂ layer might be successfully employed in achieving better conversion efficiencies in solar cells.     

Processing of Ceramic Based Nanocomposite Using α-Al2O3 Powder and FeCl2 Solution as Starting Materials

Alumina-iron nanocomposite powders were prepared by a two-step process. In the first step, α-Al2O3-FeCl2 powder mixture was formed by mixing α-Al2O3 powders with FeCl2 solution followed by drying. In the second step, the FeCl2 in the dry power mixture was selectively reduced to iron particles. A reduction temperature of 750℃ for 15 min in dry H2 was chosen based on the thermodynamic calculations. The concentration of iron in FeCl2 solution was calculated to be 20 vol. pct in the final composite. Two techniques were used to produce composite bulk materials. The Al2O3 nanocomposite powders were divided to two batches. The first batch of the produced mixture was hot pressed at 1400℃ and 27 MPa for 30 min in a graphite die. To study the effect of oxygen on the Al2O3/Fe interface bonding and mechanical properties of the composite,the second batch was heat treated in air at 700℃ for 20 min to partially oxidize the iron particles before hot pressing. Characterization of the composites was undertaken by conventional density measurements, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA). The suggested processing route (mixing, reduction and hot pressing)produces ceramic-metal nanocomposite much tougher than the pure Al2O3. The fracture strength of the produced Al2O3/Fe nanocomposite is nearly twice that of the pure Al2O3. The presence of spinel phase,FeAl2O4, as thick layer around the Fe particles in the Al2O3 matrix has a detrimental effect on interfacial bonding between Fe and Al2O3 and the fracture properties of the composite.