Incorporating anthropometry into design of ear-related products

To achieve mass customization and collaborative product design, human factors and ergonomics should play a key development role. The purpose of this study was to provide product designers with the anthropometic dimensions of outer ears for different demographic data, including gender and age. The second purpose was to compare the dimensions of various ear-related products (i.e., earphone, bluetooth earphone and ear-cup earphone) with the anthropometic database and recommend appropriate solutions for design. Two hundred subjects aged 20-59 was selected for this study and divided into four age stratifications. Further, three different dimensions of the outer ear (i.e., the earhole length, the ear connection length and the length of the pinna) were measured by superimposed grid photographic technique. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the effects of gender, and age on ear dimensions. The results showed that all ear dimensions had significant gender effects. A comparison between the anthropometric dimensions and those of current products revealed that most current ear-related products need to be redesigned using anthropometric data. The shapes of earhole and pinna are not circular. Consequently, ear products need to be elongated so that users may feel more comfortably and not have the product slip off easily.     

Combined analytical solution of overland flow and sediment transport

With reference to the kinematic wave theory coupled with the hypothesis of constant linear velocity for the rating curve, rising limb analytical solutions have been calculated for overland flow, over an Hortonian-infiltrating surface, and sediment discharge. These analytical solutions are certainly easier to use than the numerical integration of the basic equations and they may be used to obtain an initial evaluation of the parameters of more complex models generally devised for complicated cases.Notation a exponent of the Horton law [T^–1] - b exponent of the rill erosion equation - B inter-rill erosion coefficient [ML^–m–2T ^m–1] - c sediment concentration [ML^–3] - c _o reference sediment concentration [ML^–3] - E _I inter-rill erosion [ML^–2T^–1] - E _R rill erosion [ML^–2T^–1] - f _c final infiltration rate of the soil [LT^–1] - f _o initial infiltration rate of the soil [LT^–1] - h flow depth [L] - h _o reference flow depth [L] - i infiltration rate [LT^–1] - k rill erosion coefficient [ML^–1–b T^–1] - K integration constant - L() Laplace transformation - m exponent of the inter-rill erosion equation - n Manning's coefficient [L^–1/3T] - p rainfall intensity [LT^–1] - q water discharge per unit width [L²T^–1] - q _s sediment discharge per unit width [ML^–1T^–1] - t time [T] - t _p ponding time [T] - x distance along the flow direction [L] Greek Letters coefficient of the stage-discharge equation [L^2–T^–1] - exponent of the stage-discharge equation - rill erosion coefficient [L^–1]     

A size effect law for notched tensile strength of woven carbon/epoxy laminates

Specimen-size effect and notch-size effect on the tensile strength of woven fabric carbon/epoxy laminates are evaluated and modeled. For two different layups of [(0/90)₁₂] and [(±45)₂/(0/90)₅]_S, respectively, static tension tests were performed on two-dimensional geometrically similar unnotched and double-edge notched specimens scaled to three different sizes. Experimental results demonstrate that the notched strength of the woven CFRP laminates depend on the size of specimen as well as the size of notch. The ratio of notched strength to unnotched strength decreases as the length of notch increases, regardless of the size of specimen. For a given size of notch, the notch strength ratio becomes larger with decreasing size of specimen. A notch-size effect law is derived by means of the Neuber interpolation method. A specimen-size effect is embedded into the notch sensitivity parameter involved by the notch-size effect law to establish a size effect law that can cope with these two kinds of size effect. The engineering size effect law proposed can adequately describe the specimen-size effect as well as notch-size effect on the tensile strength of the woven CFRP laminates. It is also demonstrated that the size effect law allows determining the size independent fracture toughness on the basis of notched strengths of small specimens that fail in a quasi-brittle manner.     

Three-Dimensional Analytical Modeling of Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Drivers

In this paper, the axial-flux permanent magnet driver is modeled and analyzed in a simple and novel way under three-dimensional cylindrical coordinates. The inherent three-dimensional characteristics of the device are comprehensively considered, and the governing equations are solved by simplifying the boundary conditions. The axial magnetization of the sector-shaped permanent magnets is accurately described in an algebraic form by the parameters, which makes the physical meaning more explicit than the purely mathematical expression in general series forms. The parameters of the Bessel function are determined simply and the magnetic field distribution of permanent magnets and the air-gap is solved. Furthermore, the field solutions are completely analytical, which provides convenience and satisfactory accuracy for modeling a series of electromagnetic performance parameters, such as the axial electromagnetic force density, axial electromagnetic force, and electromagnetic torque. The correctness and accuracy of the analytical models are fully verified by three-dimensional finite element simulations and a 15 kW prototype and the results of calculations, simulations, and experiments under three methods are highly consistent. The influence of several design parameters on magnetic field distribution and performance is studied and discussed. The results indicate that the modeling method proposed in this paper can calculate the magnetic field distribution and performance accurately and rapidly, which affords an important reference for the design and optimization of axial-flux permanent magnet drivers.     

基于数据仓库技术的疫情决策支持系统的研究

为了疫情监测的网络化,信息化,标准化,及疫情预防控制信息系统的统一化,对疫情监测及预警展开研究,构建了一个以数据仓库技术为基础,结合联机分析处理技术的疫情监测决策支持系统。该系统通过建立数据仓库对来自不同数据源的疫情数据进行存储,采用联机分析处理技术对各级部门上传的疫情数据进行多角度、多侧面的分析,为决策人员做出决策提供强大的辅助支持。     

基于流形的概念空间形式化研究

概念是人们对事物本质的认识、逻辑思维的最基本单元和形式,是人类思维的基础,是反映事物本质属性的思维产物。Grdenfors教授于2000年发表的著作中提出的,简单来说Grdenfors教授建立的概念空间是基于域以及其上的几何特性的属性来建立和计算概念、属性、相似性的模型。基于流形的LLE算法的主要思想是在嵌套空间每个采样点可以用它的近邻点线性表示,在低维空间中保持每个邻域中的权值不变,重构原数据点,使重构误差最小。它可以学习任意维数的低维流形,每个点的近邻权值在平移,旋转,伸缩变换下是保持不变的。该文文通过把概念空间中的各个域当成一个流形,把各域中的维看成是流形的n维数据,实验中先后通过没有使用流形和通过基于流形的LLE算法进行降维后的进行比较,得出的实验结果是使用流形的方法对于某些不能细分的域能起到很好的作用,体现了该算法对于概念空间研究的准确性和优越性。     

基于PCA的XML文档特征提取方法

为了更好地对XML文档进行分类或聚类分析,以主成分分析的理论基础为指导,在研究了文本表示的各种模型的基础上,提出了两种对XML文档进行向量化表示并进行特征提取的方法,同时也实现了对XML文档的有效降维。实验结果表明,两种方法都能有效地表示XML文档的主体特征,但全路径特征向量抽取方法能更好地描述XML信息,为下一步有效处理XML文档做了良好铺垫,具有一定的研究价值。     

Effective dimensions and relative frequencies

Consider the problem of calculating the fractal dimension of a set X consisting of all infinite sequences S over a finite alphabet Σ that satisfy some given condition P on the asymptotic frequencies with which various symbols from Σ appear in S. Solutions to this problem are known in cases where

(i)

the fractal dimension is classical Hausdorff or packing dimension (by work of Volkmann and Olsen), or

(ii)

the fractal dimension is effective (even finite-state) and the condition Pcompletely specifies an empirical distribution π over Σ, i.e., a limiting frequency of occurrence for every symbol in Σ.

In this paper, we show how to calculate the finite-state dimension (equivalently, the finite-state compressibility) of such a set X when the condition P only imposes partial constraints on the limiting frequencies of symbols. Our results automatically extend to less restrictive effective fractal dimensions (e.g., polynomial-time, computable, and constructive dimensions), and they have the classical results (i) as immediate corollaries. Our methods are nevertheless elementary and, in most cases, simpler than those by which the classical results were obtained.     

三维分子模型系统的设计与实现

文章提出了运用分子图形原理构造分子模型的方法,实现了交互式构造三维分子模型,具有较完善的三维分子模型操作和变换功能,同时实现图形数据库的创建和管理,以及分子计算等。     

电信计费分析数据仓库系统的设计与实现

该文主要研究如何用数据仓库及其技术解决电信计费分析的实际问题。