Starting low but ending high: A reversal of the anchoring effect in auctions.

Counter to the "start high, end high" effect of anchors in individual judgments and dyadic negotiations, 6 studies using a diverse set of methodologies document how and why, in the social setting of auctions, lower starting prices result in higher final prices. Three processes contribute to this effect. First, lower starting prices reduce barriers to entry, which increase traffic and generate higher final prices. Second, lower starting prices entice bidders to invest time and energy (creating sunk costs) and, consequently, escalate their commitments. Third, the traffic generated by lower starting prices can lead bidders to infer value in the item, thereby explaining previous findings that traffic begets more traffic. The authors show that barriers to entry that limit traffic (e.g., a misspelled brand name) lead to anchoring's normal assimilative effect rather than its reversal. By broadening the understanding of anchors to extended social interactions and open markets, the authors identify when and why starting prices anchor. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

连续配筋混凝土路面设计和施工方法的研究

结合沪宁高速公路(江苏段)扩建工程连续配筋混凝土路面(CRCP)试验段的修筑,介绍了试验路路面的设计,总结了CRCP的施工工艺和注意事项.为连续配筋混凝土路面在我国高速公路中的应用提供了一定的参考依据.     

Parameters on the LC alignment of organosilicon compound films

Abstract— The aligning properties of a set of organosilicon compounds (OSC) were examined. The aligning films of the OSC were obtained. Pretilt angles and the polar and azimuthal anchoring energy of the LC materials on the OSC films were measured by optical and voltage‐capacity methods. The influence of both OSC and LC molecular structure on the results obtained was analyzed and discussed.     

纵筋锚固不足混凝土梁剪切破坏的性能研究

本文以剪跨比和纵筋锚固长度为变参数，通过１２根无腹筋矩形截面简支混凝土梁的２４个试验及理论分析，探讨了纵筋锚固不足混凝土梁发生剪切破坏的工作及承载能力。     

泵下锚定反洗技术

辽河油田地层压降快,供液能力差,部分井需要加深泵挂,但泵挂加深后,常规的泵上锚定和泵下反洗技术难以实现.针对这些情况,开展了泵下锚定反洗技术研究.研制了液压坐封GY241型锚定器和"自封与压缩胶筒"双重密封的ZY331型反洗封隔器.解决了深井中施工管柱热洗时的断脱问题,阻止了管柱的伸长与缩短,提高了泵效,防止了洗井液倒灌进地层造成油层污染.现场应用30井次,施工成功率100%,实现了深井泵下锚定与反洗技术的突破,具有良好的应用前景.     

高强无机锚固材料的实验研究

研制一种新型的无机锚固材料,作为植筋胶的替代品。通过试验确定无机锚固材料的配合比,并对其抗压强度、与混凝土的粘结强度、体积稳定性、对钢筋的锚固力进行研究。所研制的无机锚固材料的早期强度高,1 d强度达到38.5 MPa,3 d强度达到60 MPa以上;与混凝土有较高的粘结强度,28 d的粘结强度在2 MPa左右;所研制的锚固材料随着龄期延长,会产生微小的体积膨胀,有利于提高锚固力。所研制的锚固材料是以水泥基材料为主要成分的无机锚固材料,克服了有机高分子材料耐久性差、施工条件要求严格等缺点,试验证明此材料具有早强高强、与混凝土粘结良好、能够产生微小的体积膨胀等特点,能够满足植筋施工和承载力的要求,可以替代植筋胶使用。     

电视塔悬挑游览厅无粘结预应力砼锚固环梁

由于施工失误 ,作为电视塔顶的外悬游览厅和塔筒间的锚固发生了问题 ,本文介绍了采用在相应位置设置两根无粘结预应力大梁分别作为游览厅屋面和楼面径向悬挑支承梁的锚固梁 ,确保了它和塔筒的整体性和荷载的传递。     

Design of holographic polymer‐dispersed liquid crystals based on solubility parameters

BACKGROUND: A slight change of polymer structure leads to a significantly different solubility parameter (SP), which is related to incompatibility and interface anchoring energy between a polymer and a liquid crystal (LC). RESULTS: Holographic gratings in polymer‐dispersed liquid crystals have been fabricated based on various urethane acrylate oligomer sizes and type of reactive diluent at two LC loadings. A large SP gap, using N‐vinylpyrrolidone as reactive diluent, gave much faster saturation of diffraction efficiency at higher level, but the grating failed to operate. On the contrary, films having a small SP gap, using 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate, operated under 20 V with a response time of about 10 ms, although their saturation of diffraction efficiency was relatively low. The results were interpreted in terms of morphology (determined using scanning electron microscopy), anchoring energy and resin elasticity. CONCLUSION: Low driving voltage and high diffraction efficiency are obtained by controlling the SP gap between LC and polymer. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

肠道驻留机构的设计和实验

研究并设计了一种微型肠道驻留机构以实现胃肠道机器人在人体肠道特殊环境下的有效驻留。该驻留机构采用径向伸出三组腿的方式实现扩张,扩张后三组腿仍然处于封闭状态,从而有效降低了肠道组织被夹住的风险。对驻留机构与肠道之间的相互作用进行了建模分析,并将驻留机构的驻留力分为库伦摩擦力和边缘阻力两部分,分析了其产生机理。通过实验测试了驻留机构的扩张力以及驻留力。实验结果表明:驻留机构的扩张力与理论分析较为接近,驻留力大小与肠道直径、驻留腿扩张直径以及驻留机构速度有关。当驻留腿的扩张直径为20~26mm时,驻留力大小为0.15~0.4N;当驻留腿扩张直径大于26mm时,驻留力迅速增加,为0.5~1.8N。设计的肠道驻留机构体积小、安全,可较好地适应肠道的生理环境,并为肠道诊疗微型机器人驻留机构的设计提供了一种新的思路。     

锚杆锚固体与土体界面特性室内测试新方法

为了更真实地反映锚杆受拉时锚固体与土体界面的特性,较准确地获得包含界面剪切残余段的剪应力–位移(?–s)全过程曲线,自行研发了一种锚–土界面摩阻性能测试仪及相应的锚杆拉拔试样制作装置和方法。该测试仪器和测试方法简便易行,可成批模拟多种环境条件进行室内锚杆拉拔试验。利用该仪器完成了4批次27个不同条件的锚固体拉拔试验,深入研究了锚固体养护龄期、拉拔速率等因素对锚–土界面剪切强度特性的影响,提出了一种锚–土界面?–s全过程本构模型。研究结果表明:界面剪切强度在锚固体养护14 d后增长缓慢;锚杆以0.1~2.5 mm/min拉拔时,速率对剪切强度的影响不大;提出的锚–土界面模型计算曲线与试验曲线吻合良好。