电渗结合透水模板成型混凝土表观质量试验

基于电渗均匀快速的排水特性,建立了电渗滤水试验模型,阐述电压加载初始时点、电压值、电渗历时及电极间距对混凝土成型效果的影响,并研究了结合透水模板垫层来改善电渗混凝土成型外观的方法.结果表明:电渗结合透水模板工艺排水可形成致密无孔洞混凝土表面,显著降低混凝土渗水透气性能,且可提高混凝土表面强度.     

激光熔覆层形貌尺寸预测研究

激光熔覆过程中工艺参数对熔覆层形貌有很大影响,利用多元线性回归分析确定了主要工艺参数(激光功率、扫描速度、送粉速率)和熔覆层形貌(熔覆层高度、宽度)之间的对应关系。     

小型航拍直升机造型设计

为了解决传统小型航拍直升机拍摄效果不稳定的问题,运用工业设计方法整合直升机结构布局,提出了三轴精确定向云台的方案,并将云台放置在机头部位。直升机外形设计不仅着重考虑飞行稳定性、负载能力、拆卸简洁性以及航空拍摄的功能和结构要求,还在符合空气动力学要求的前提下,借鉴仿生设计理念进行外形设计,兼顾视觉美观与特色并存,力求在静态及飞行状态下都能达到较好的视觉识别性。     

Analysis of metal transfer during electron beam welding with filler wire

The metal transfer mode of electron beam welding （EBW） with filler wire was studied experimentally. The spatial position between the electron beam and the filler wire was defined. Basing on the charge coupled device （CCD） visual sensing system, the metal transfer mode of filler wire was investigated. The results showed that there were five transfer modes during EBW process due to different wire feed rates and spatial positions between beam and filler wire, such as short-circuiting mode, molten metal bridge mode, small droplet mode, big droplet mode and mixed mode. By comparing the weld appearance of different transfer modes, the molten metal bridge transfer was proved to be the best transfer mode.     

不同脉冲频率条件下2219-T87高强铝合金焊缝成形行为

采用复合超高频脉冲方波变极性钨极氩弧焊接技术完成了2219-T87高强铝合金平板堆焊试验,分析了脉冲电流频率对焊缝成形特征的影响及其规律.结果表明,脉冲电流频率对电弧特性及熔池流动行为有较大影响,造成焊缝熔宽、熔深及熔透率出现显著变化.脉冲频率f_H<60 kHz时,焊缝熔宽、熔深随脉冲频率的增加而增大,熔透率在f_H<35 kHz时基本保持不变,在f_H>35 kHz时出现显著提升,较常规变极性氩弧焊(VP-GTAW)至少提高了34%;当脉冲频率达到60 kHz时,焊缝熔透率达到最大,较VP-GTAW提高了约60%;脉冲频率f_H>65 kHz时,熔宽、熔深及熔透率呈现回落趋势.     

蠕墨铸铁中性盐雾腐蚀行为及机理研究

目的揭示蠕墨铸铁的大气腐蚀行为,阐明其腐蚀规律及腐蚀机理。方法采用室内加速中性盐雾腐蚀实验,并用失重法、SEM\EDS、XRD、电化学的方法来表征实验现象。结果蠕墨铸铁在中性盐雾环境中锈层截面具有明显的分层现象,前期腐蚀速率为0.53 mg/(cm~2·h),后期腐蚀速率在波动中总体趋于稳定,为0.36mg/(cm~2·h)。蠕墨铸铁带锈试样的自腐蚀电位(Ecorr)在-680～-600mV之间先减小后增大,极化电阻(Rp)变化趋势与自腐蚀电位(Ecorr)一致,自腐蚀电流(Icorr)大小在整个腐蚀周期内具有明显的波动。蠕墨铸铁在中性盐雾环境中的腐蚀产物为Fe(OH)_3、Fe_2O_3、FeOOH及少量Fe_3O_4和金属碳化物Fe_2C。结论蠕墨铸铁在中性盐雾环境中腐蚀84 h后发展为全面腐蚀,形貌呈沟壑状,腐蚀产物微观形貌呈团簇状和片层状。腐蚀早期,基体表面发生电化学腐蚀形成一层氧化膜,腐蚀介质沿石墨侵蚀基体从而产生内应力,导致外部锈层断裂,同时蠕虫状石墨处腐蚀产物呈疏松团簇状,二者共同构成介质传质通道,使腐蚀更容易发展。     

激光熔覆层形貌尺寸预测研究

激光熔覆过程中工艺参数对熔覆层形貌有很大影响,利用多元线性回归分析确定了主要工艺参数（激光功率、扫描速度、送粉速率）和熔覆层形貌（熔覆层高度、宽度）之间的对应关系。     

Effect of Al 2 O3 film on weld appearance of stationary electron beam welded aluminum

Aluminum specimens with and without chemically cleaning were welded by electron beam to investigate the effect of、Al ₂ O₃ film on weld appearance. The removal mechanism of Al ₂ O₃ film during vacuum electron beam welding of aluminum was analyzed and the effect of Al ₂ O₃ film on molten pool flow behavior and weld appearance was investigated. The results showed that the weld width of the specimen was enlarged by chemically cleaning. The solid Al ₂ O₃ film transformed into gaseous Al ₂ O via the reaction with liquid aluminum at the temperature higher than 1 350 K was the main reason for the removal of the film. The weld width was narrowed down by the oxide film due to the inhibition of outward flow driven by the surface tension gradient and the drag force between the Al ₂ O₃ film and liquid Al. The weld penetration was reduced in the initial stage and then enhanced in the metastable stage.     

LY12铝合金摩擦点焊工艺及力学性能

摩擦点焊是在搅拌摩擦焊基础上开发的一种新型固态连接技术.针对2 mm厚的LY12铝合金,研究了摩擦点焊过程中的焊接工艺参数对焊点成形及力学性能的影响.结果表明,当焊接时间一定,搅拌头旋转速度较高时,焊点的表面成形较好;随着搅拌头旋转速度的降低,焊点的表面成形逐渐变差.焊点的抗剪载荷随搅拌头旋转速度增加呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,当搅拌头旋转速度为950 r/min、焊接时间为8 s时,焊点的抗剪载荷达到最大值,为9.33 kN/点.焊点横截面的显微硬度测试结果表明,显微硬度沿匙孔中心呈高-低-较高-低-高的"W"形分布,最小值出现在热影响区,塑性区的显微硬度较高,但略小于母材.     

加工中心造型的宜人性设计

通过对加工中心结构与外观的研究，分析了数控加工中心的造型宜人性，并完成了其造型的改良没计，从而为企业提高产品的竞争力，作了有实际意义的工作。