Optimization of practical trusses with constraints on eigenfrequencies, displacements, stresses, and buckling

In this paper we consider the optimization of general 3D truss structures. The design variables are the cross-sections of the truss bars together with the joint coordinates, and are considered to be continuous variables. Using these design variables we simultaneously carry out size optimization (areas) and shape optimization (joint positions). Topology optimization (removal and introduction of bars) is only considered in the sense that bars of minimum cross-sectional area will have a negligible influence on the performance of the structure. The structures are subjected to multiple load cases and the objective of the optimizations is minimum mass with constraints on (possibly multiple) eigenfrequencies, displacements, and stresses. For the case of stress constraints, we deal differently with tensile and compressive stresses, for which we control buckling on the element level. The stress constraints are imposed in correlation with industrial standards, to make the optimized designs valuable from a practical point of view. The optimization problem is solved using SLP (Sequential Linear Programming).     

重载轻型桁架斜拉式组合挂篮的研究

主要介绍了重载轻型桁架斜拉式组合挂篮的结构形式、特点，分析了其计算模型，并通过工程算例的验证，表明了该种挂篮结构合理、构思独特．与其它结构形式的挂篮相比，它受力较为均匀、节省材料、减轻自重，是一种较为理想的新型挂篮结构，有实际应用价值．     

可变几何桁架展开运动学和动力学分析

对可变几何桁架结构展开运动学和动力学进行了系统分析，基于约束方程得到了运动学分析的递推公式；并利用Ｄ‘Ａｌｅｍｂｅｒｔ原理推导ＶＧＴ展开的动力学方程；这些公式和方程简洁并具有规律性，适于计算机编程计算，通过算例分析验证了方法的可行性。     

组合四角锥单元

在分析组合网架结构主要受力特点的基础上提出了一种简化计算方案，建立了组合四角锥单元计算公式，实践表明，用这种组合四角锥单元计算组合网架总体自由度少，占用内存小，计算工作量小，精度可以满足工程要求。     

大跨度叠层空腹桁架结构整体弯曲对现浇混凝土楼板的影响分析

利用大型软件ANSYS实体单元系统，分析了大跨度叠层空腹桁架转换结构在竖向荷载作用下楼板整体弯曲问题。由于楼板的整体弯曲在楼板中产生不可忽视的附加应力，与叠层空腹桁架类似的大跨度结构的现浇混凝土楼板设计应考虑整体弯曲的影响，并提出了相应的设计建议，可为相关结构分析和设计提供参考。     

节点弯矩在钢结构长悬臂桁架中的影响分析

对一个长悬臂钢桁架进行现场应变监测，结果表明，节点弯矩在本桁架中的影响不可忽略，特别是对腹杆的影响相对更大，在设计中必须给予考虑。进一步用ANSYS对该结构进行了两种建模形式的有限元分析，并与实测值相比较，发现在设计类似的桁架时，弦杆和腹杆应分别按不同的分析方式进行设计比较合理。     

外套框架增层改造结构设计

介绍合理地选择框架增层结构方案,由实际工程实例,不同的方案比较,阐明在地震地区,选用层间桁架结构比混凝土框架结构梁具有良好的抗震性能,也具有经济合理、方案可行、方便施工、节约空间的特点.     

改进的遗传算法在结构优化设计中的应用

遗传算法(GA)是基于达尔文进化论和遗传学说形成的一种崭新的优化算法.它具有全局收敛性和并行性;对先验知识要求较少,具有很强的适应性.针对结构优化设计方法中存在的局限性,将改进的遗传算法用于结构优化设计中.改进的GA采用以下措施提高搜索效率:(1)动态调整变量区间和GA参数;(2)在每一轮进化结束后重新初始化群体,开始新的进化;(3)将最优个体保留到下一轮.据此编制了计算机程序,并将其应用到一个桁架结构的优化实例中.运行结果表明,改进后的遗传算法用于结构优化设计能够有效地避免陷入局部最优解的现象,提高了搜索效率,具有较强的适应性.     

Evolutionary Algorithm Integrating Stress Heuristics for Truss Optimization

The optimal truss design using problem-oriented evolutionary algorithm is presented in the paper. The minimum weight structures subjected to stress and displacement constraints are searched. The discrete design variables are areas of members, selected from catalogues of available sections. The integration of the problem specific knowledge into the optimization procedure is proposed. The heuristic rules based on the concept of fully stressed design are introduced through special genetic operators, which use the information concerning the stress distribution of structural members. Moreover, approximated solutions obtained by deterministic, sequential discrete optimization methods are inserted into the initial population. The obtained hybrid evolutionary algorithm is specialized for truss design. Benchmark problems are calculated in numerical examples. The knowledge about the problem integrated into the evolutionary algorithm can enhance considerably the effectiveness of the approach and improve significantly the convergence rate and the quality of the results. The advantages and drawbacks of the proposed method are discussed.     

Object-Oriented Optimization Approach Using Genetic Algorithms for Lattice Towers

A new approach is presented for the optimization of steel lattice towers by combining genetic algorithms and an object-oriented approach. The purpose of this approach is to eliminate the difficulties in the handling of large size problems such as lattice towers. Improved search and rapid convergence are obtained by considering the lattice tower as a set of small objects and combining these objects into a system. This is possible with serial cantilever structures such as lattice towers. A tower consists of panel objects, which can be classified as separate objects, as they possess an independent property as well as inherent properties. This can considerably reduce the design space of the problem and enhance the result. An optimization approach for the steel lattice tower problem using objects and genetic algorithms is presented here. The paper also describes the algorithm with practical design considerations used for this approach. To demonstrate the approach, a typical tower configuration with practical constraints has been considered for discrete optimization with the new approach and compared with the results of a normal approach in which the full tower is considered.