Crystallographic Analysis of Martensite in 0.2C-2.0Mn-1.5Si-0.6Cr Steel using EBSD

The crystallography of martensite formed in 0.2C-2.0Mn-1.5Si-0.6Cr steel was studied using the electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD) technique.The results showed that the observed orientation relationship(OR) was closer to that of Nishiyama-Wassermann(N-W) than Kurdjumov-Sachs.The martensite consisted of parallel laths forming morphological packets.Typically,there were three different lath orientations in a morphological packet consisting of three specific N-W OR variants sharing the same {111} austenite plane.A packet of martensite laths with a common {111} austenite plane was termed a crystallographic packet.Generally,the crystallographic packet size corresponded to the morphological packet size,but occasionally the morphological packet was found to consist of two or more crystallographic packets.Therefore,the crystallographic packet size appeared to be finer than the morphological packet size.The relative orientation between the variants in crystallographic packets was found to be near 60 /<110>,which explains the strong peak observed near 60 in the grain boundary misorientation distribution.Martensite also contained a high fraction of boundaries with a misorientation in the range 2.5-8.Typically these boundaries were found to be located inside the martensite laths forming sub-laths.     

低价钒－锯氧化物系的相关系和电导率

研究了Ｓｒ－Ｖ－Ｏ系统内低价钒氧化物存在时的相关系．用Ｘ光衍射分析鉴定了相组成，并用标准直流四探针法测定了１００～１０００Ｋ温度范围内的组成相的电阻率．结果表明在该系统内，在还原气氛下形成的低价钒化合物有六方的Ｓｒ８Ｖ８Ｏ（２５），立方的Ｓｒ２Ｖ２Ｏ５和Ｖ２Ｏ３，三者在１５０Ｋ以上均具有１０ｏ～１０１Ω·ｃｍ的电阻率．Ｖ２Ｏ３相在低于１５０Ｋ附近电阻率有一个约１０４数量级的跃升，显示了在降温时由导电性向绝缘性的突变．     

主动磁悬浮轴承支承旋转机械的减振性能研究

针对旋转机械的振动噪声问题,在对轴承工作特性及系统振动传递特性进行理论分析的基础上,提出了采用新型主动磁悬浮轴承取代传统机械轴承以实现整机减振降噪的设想.以某工程试验样机为研究对象,利用有限元软件考察了轴承的刚度变化对该样机轴承座机脚振动不平衡响应的影响,进而开展了专门的振动对比实验来对主动磁悬浮轴承的减振性能进行实际评估.结果表明:减小轴承刚度的思路对于降低旋转机械的机脚振动确实可行;相比于机械轴承,采用主动磁悬浮轴承支承对于减小整机振动水平具有显著实际效果.相关结论可为拓展主动磁悬浮轴承技术的应用领域和场合提供重要思路及数据支持,同时也为其今后的工程化实用奠定研究基础.     

基于高斯混合模型和AdaBoost的夜间车辆检测

针对夜间车辆检测精度相对不高的问题,提出通过构建车头灯对空间几何关系的高斯混合模型（GMM）和采用逆投影车辆样本的AdaBoost分类器准确检测夜间车辆的方法。首先,在交通场景中根据车头灯对的空间位置关系设置逆投影面,通过图像预处理粗定位车灯区域;其次,在逆投影图像下利用车头灯对的空间几何关系构建车灯对的高斯混合模型,初步匹配车头灯对;最后,采用逆投影车辆样本,利用AdaBoost分类器进一步准确检测车辆。实验在3个交通场景的检测结果表明,与原始图像下的AdaBoost方法相比,所提方法的检测率提高了1.93%,漏检率降低了17.83%,误检率降低了27.61%;与D-S （Dempster-Shafer）证据理论方法相比,检测率提高了2.03%,漏检率降低了7.58%,误检率降低了47.51%。所提方法提高了相对检测精度,减少了地面反光和影子等的干扰,满足交通场景中夜间车辆检测的可靠性和准确性的要求。     

Hierarchical entity-relationship diagrams: the model,method of creation and experimental evaluation

A bottom-up method for creating a hierarchy of entity-relationship diagrams (HERD) from a given, flat ER diagram (ERD) is proposed. The hierarchy consists of simple and interrelated diagrams—ER structures—with external relationships to other structures. The HERD-tree diagram, which provides the most general view of the conceptual schema, is located at the top of the hierarchy. The method is based on packaging operations, which group entities and relationships according to certain criteria. These operations are applied in several steps on a given (presumably large-scale) ERD. We describe the new constructs, which are added to the ER model to enable the creation of HERD, and a bottom-up method for creating HERD. We also evaluate HERD from the point of view of user comprehension and preference, based on an experimental comparison to flat ERDs.

基于BERT的中文多关系抽取方法研究

构建三元组时在文本句子中抽取多个三元组的研究较少,且大多基于英文语境,为此提出了一种基于BERT的中文多关系抽取模型BCMRE,它由关系分类与元素抽取两个任务模型串联组成。BCMRE通过关系分类任务预测出可能包含的关系,将预测关系编码融合到词向量中,对每一种关系复制出一个实例,再输入到元素抽取任务通过命名实体识别预测三元组。BCMRE针对两项任务的特点加入不同前置模型;设计词向量优化BERT处理中文时以字为单位的缺点;设计不同的损失函数使模型效果更好;利用BERT的多头与自注意力机制充分提取特征完成三元组的抽取。BCMRE通过实验与其他模型,以及更换不同的前置模型进行对比,在F1的评估下取得了相对较好的结果,证明了模型可以有效性提高抽取多关系三元组的效果。     

LaO_x(OH)_y supported platinum catalysts for CO oxidation:Deactivation by formation of lanthanum carbonate

Platinum catalyst for CO oxidation has been studied for decades,due to its high activity and good stability.In this work,we prepared three different lantha num oxide or hydroxide supports(LaO_x(OH)_y),and deposited platinum(Pt) with 0.5 at% via an impregnation approach to synthesize Pt/LaO_x(OH)_y catalysts.However,we find that these catalysts perform a poor stability for the CO oxidation reaction.The fresh and used samples were comprehensively characterized by multiple techniques including power X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray absorption fine structure(XAFS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),temperature-programmed reduction by carbon monoxide(CO-TPR) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),to demonstrate that the oxidized platinum atoms or clusters,without any component of Pt-Pt metallic bond,are highly dispersed on the surface of LaO_x(OH)_y.Furthermore,the as-formed lanthanum carbonate(La₂O₂CO₃) during the exposure to ambient circumstances or in the reaction atmosphere of CO+O₂,severely impair the reactivity of Pt/LaO_x(OH)_y.On the basis of the obtained experimental results,we have drawn a conclusion that the oxidized P_tO_x atoms or PtxOy clusters are the active species for CO oxidation,while the formation of lanthanum carbonate is the origin of deactivation on reactivity.     

利用图模型存储算法依赖关系的方法

在大数据时代,用于数据处理的算法数量呈爆发式增长,当前对大量算法的管理方法通常是对算法分类、打标签或以任务为单位存储由算法构成的流程,对任务集合中的算法间拓扑关系未能给予足够的重视.随着领域知识与任务流程的积累,算法间的依赖关系愈发重要.本文基于巨量算法管理的需求,提出了拆分有分支依赖关系为无分支依赖关系的管理方法,通过免索引邻接图数据库的指针搜寻拓扑关系,避免Join操作,在管理算法依赖关系时具有先天优势.另外为突出算法模块复用能力,提出“连接点”的概念,在图模型中用节点表示依赖关系边,区分算法模块在不同任务流程的位置,使被多个任务复用的算法模块在图中只需用一个算法模块节点表示.最后,基于具体项目验证了本文提出的算法关系管理方法,证明本文算法关系管理方法在算法数量成规模且算法模块高复用的场景下具有明显优势.     

基于CRM的订单管理系统

从客户关系管理的角度,对企业的订单管理进行了研究。分析了以客户为中心的订单管理的特点及其订单处理流程,提出了一个以客户为中心的订单管理解决方案。     

再论异重流和均质流动的一些相似关系

在对上层静止下层流动的异重流和均质明渠流之间相似关系研究的基础上,本文将这一成果推广,给出了上层流动下层静止的异重流和均质明渠流之间的一些相似关系,并将结果应用于二维重叠式排取水口的水深计算,结果与前人的实验一致。考虑到实际的重叠式排取水口都是三维的,所以本文利用前人的实验结果,进一步给出了三维重叠式排取水口高度及水深的计算方法,所得结果揭示了排水口温差水跃的形成机理和形成条件。