黑莓果醋生产的优化工艺研究

研究黑莓果醋的酿造工艺条件,利用响应面法得到最佳醋酸发酵工艺条件.结果表明,黑莓果醋的醋酸发酵的最适宜工艺条件为:醋酸菌的接种量11.5％,酒精浓度7.7％,醋酸菌的适宜生长温度为30℃,果醋酸度达到4.5％.     

索氏法提取黑莓籽油工艺研究

以黑莓籽为原料,采用索氏法提取黑莓籽油。考察了溶剂性质、粉碎度、提取温度、提取时间及料液比对黑莓籽油出油率的影响。通过正交实验设计优化索氏法提取黑莓籽油的最佳工艺条件为:以石油醚为提取剂,黑莓籽粉碎过80目筛,提取时间2h,温度为90℃,料液比1:15(g:mL),在此条件下实验测得黑莓籽油平均出油率为22.855%。     

超高压处理对鲜榨黑莓清汁品质的影响

研究了鲜榨黑莓清汁经300～600MPa处理15min后其品质的变化。研究结果表明:黑莓清汁经超高压处理后,pH随处理压力升高而显著降低(p<0.05),总酸显著增加(p<0.05),超高压处理后其可溶性固形物、总糖含量无显著变化(p>0.05);花色苷、多酚含量保留率达90%以上,且还原能力显著增强;300MPa处理15min后黑莓清汁清除DPPH·能力显著下降,而其余压力下黑莓清汁清除DPPH·能力均随压力升高显著增强。     

低温果浆酶处理对黑莓出汁率和几个理化指标的影响

用低温果浆酶处理黑莓浆液,探讨酶处理对黑莓出汁率、还原糖含量和色泽等的变化规律。在pH、酶作用时间、加酶量和反应温度单因素实验的基础上进行正交实验。结果表明,pH为3.5、低温果浆酶用量为0.2%,反应温度为30℃,作用时间为1.5h时,黑莓的出汁率最高。     

黑莓色素的理化性质的研究

本文探讨了黑莓色素在各种条件下或常见物质中的理化性质.结果表明,黑莓色素对酸碱极为敏感,适于在pH 4.0以下的酸性条件下使用,可作为酸性食品的着色剂;光、热(<80℃)、氯化钠、防腐剂、蔗糖等对黑莓色素的理化性质影响不大;氧化剂、还原剂和高浓度Vc对黑莓色素的理化性质影响很大,在食品加工过程中应尽量避免同时使用.     

Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Raspberry and Blackberry Cultivars

ABSTRACT: Raspberry (Aksu Kırmızısı, Rubin, Newburgh, Hollanda Boduru, Heritage) and blackberry (Bursa 1, Bursa 2, Jumbo, Chester) cultivars were assayed for antioxidant activity (determined as 2,2-azino-di-[3-ethylbenzothialozine-sulphonic acid][ABTS], 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical [DPPH], and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity [CUPRAC]), total phenol, total flavonoid, and total anthocyanin contents. In addition, 10 anthocyanins and anthocyanidins were determined in raspberry and blackberry by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Raspberry and blackberry had the highest ABTS, DPPH, CUPRAC, total phenol, and total flavonoid contents in methanol extracts, whereas total anthocyanin contents were the highest in water extracts. The antioxidant activity of the raspberry and blackberry was directly related to the total amount of phenolic compounds detected in the raspberry and blackberry. All antioxidant activity values were highly correlated with anthocyanin content in blackberry (0.93 ≤ r ≤ 0.99, P = 0.05). On the other hand, high correlation between total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity was recorded in water extract of blackberry (0.91 ≤ r ≤ 0.93, P = 0.05). ABTS value was highly correlated with total flavonoid content in methanol extract (r = 0.90), whereas total flavonoid content was relatively less correlated with DPPH (r = 0.85) and CUPRAC (r = 0.89).     

Analysis of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Wild Blackberry Fruits

Twenty three different wild blackberry fruit samples were assessed regarding their phenolic profiles and contents (by LC/MS quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) and antioxidant activity (ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)) by two different extraction methods. Thirty four phenolic compounds were detected (8 anthocyanins, 15 flavonols, 3 hydroxycinnamic acids, 6 ellagic acid derivatives and 2 flavones). In samples, where pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was used for extraction, a greater increase in yields of phenolic compounds was observed, especially in ellagic acid derivatives (max. 59%), flavonols (max. 44%) and anthocyanins (max. 29%), than after extraction by the ultrasonic technique extraction (UAE) method. The content of phenolic compounds was significantly correlated with the antioxidant activity of the analyzed samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the PLE method was more suitable for the quantitative extraction of flavonols, while the UAE method was for hydroxycinnamic acids.     

Influence of processing on the antioxidant capacity and bioactive compounds in jellies from different blackberry cultivars

The effect of thermal processing and the berry cultivar has been the subject of several studies, to serve as a basis for the least possible loss of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity. In Brazil, there are numerous blackberry cultivars under cultivation, and in this context, the aim of this work was to study how the bioactive compound contents and antioxidant capacity of blackberry jelly were influenced by the cultivars (Guarani, Brazos, Comanche, Tupy, Cherokee, Caingangue and Choctaw). Analysis was made of 7 fresh blackberry cultivars and 7 blackberry jelly formulations. Analysis of antioxidant activity, total phenolics, total anthocyanins and ascorbic acid was performed. It was verified that the contribution of the heat sensitive antioxidants compounds is considerable in all blackberry cultivars, and the degradation of these compounds was significantly different between the different blackberry cultivars. The Brazos and Caingangue cultivars stand out as undergoing the lowest losses in processing, resulting in jellies richer in bioactive compounds and higher antioxidant capacity.