从黑莓汁加工的废弃物中提取多酚类化合物

黑莓汁加工会产生大量的废弃物黑莓渣,黑莓渣富含多酚类生物活性物质。黑莓渣中总酚含量(以干基计)为6.86%(w/w),花色苷含量(以干基计)为0.38%(w/w)。从黑莓渣中提取多酚和花色苷的研究结果表明,花色苷的最佳提取工艺条件是:以80目的黑莓渣粉为原料,采用含有1%柠檬酸的50%乙醇溶液为提取剂,在35℃提取2次,每次30min、料液比为1∶10。花色苷的提取率为98.33%。总酚的最佳提取工艺条件是:以80目的黑莓渣粉为原料,用含有1%柠檬酸的50%乙醇溶液为提取剂,在55℃提取2次,每次15min、料液比为1∶10,在此条件下总酚的提取率为93.72%。      

ICP-MS法测定不同品种黑莓果实中矿质元素含量

采用微波消解,ICP-MS法分析美洲黑莓、高大黑莓、无刺黑莓、葡萄叶莓、榆叶黑莓、裂叶黑莓、沙黑莓、甜黑莓、扬基莓、罗甘莓等10种不同品种黑莓果实中18种矿质元素Al、Ba、Ca、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Li、Mg、Mn、Mo、Na、Ni、P、Pb、S和Zn的含量,并应用聚类分析方法对测定结果进行分析。结果表明:该方法的相对标准偏差在1. 2%～4. 9%(n=3)之间,加标回收率在96. 1%～101. 7%之间。不同品种的黑莓中K、P、S、Ca、Mg,Na含量较高; Fe、Mn、Zn含量次之;有潜在生理毒性的元素Al、Cr、Pb的含量较低。从聚类树状图上可知,10种黑莓可聚类为2类。裂叶黑莓和扬基莓、葡萄叶莓和沙黑莓、甜黑莓和罗甘莓均表现出较高的相似性,都可聚为一类,这显示其品质的稳定性。此结果为实现黑莓的合理营养施肥和优质高效生产提供理论依据和技术支持。     

Flavonol glycosides and antioxidant capacity of various blackberry and blueberry genotypes determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

Flavonol glycoside composition and content in blueberry and blackberry extracts were determined using a high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation method coupled with photodiode array (PDA) and mass spectrometric (MS) detection. The hydrophilic antioxidant capacities of crude and fractionated flavonol extracts were also determined by the oxygen radical‐absorbing capacity (ORAC_FL) and photochemiluminescence (PCL) assays. Eight flavonols of quercetin and quercetin–sugar conjugates were identified in Kiowa blackberry, namely rutinoside, galactoside, methoxyhexoside, glucoside, pentoside, [6″‐(3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaroyl)]‐β‐galactoside, glucosylpentoside and oxalylpentoside. Thirteen flavonols were detected in Ozarkblue blueberry. Of these, myricetin 3‐hexoside and 12 quercetin–sugar conjugates, namely rutinoside, galactoside, methoxyhexoside, glucoside, pentoside, glucosylpentoside, caffeoylglucoside, oxalylpentoside, rhamnoside, dimethoxyrhamnoside, acetylgalactoside and acetylglucoside, were identified. In Bluecrop blueberry, two additional quercetin–sugar conjugates were identified, namely glucuronide and caffeoylgalactoside. Quercetin glycosides accounted for 75% of total flavonols in the blueberry genotypes. Total flavonol contents ranged from 99 to 150 mg kg^?1 for blackberries and from 192 to 320 mg kg^?1 for blueberries. Quenching of peroxyl and superoxide anion radicals by the flavonol fractions ranged from 1.5 to 2.3 mmol Trolox equivalents (TE) kg^?1 and from 0.5 to 0.7 mmol TE kg^?1 respectively for blackberries and from 2.9 to 5.2 mmol TE kg^?1 and from 0.8 to 1.4 mmol TE kg^?1 respectively for blueberries. The HPLC method allowed for complete separation and identification of flavonols commonly found in blackberries, and blueberries. Our results showed that blueberry and blackberry genotypes varied significantly in flavonol content and antioxidant capacity. Even though total flavonol content did not correlate well with antioxidant capacity, their ability to scavenge peroxyl and superoxide anion radicals was apparent. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

响应面法优化果胶酶酶解提取黑莓花色苷的工艺参数

选取果胶酶酶解黑莓浆加酶量、酶解温度和酶解时间3 个因素进行Box-Behnken 设计,利用响应面法对其提取工艺进行优化研究。利用Design Expert 软件,对酶解花色苷产量的二次多项数学模型解逆矩阵分析表明：在加酶量0.21%、酶解时间1.46h、酶解温度42.7℃工艺条件下,酶解黑莓汁里花色苷产量最高,其最大提取产量预测值为0.645mg/g,与实测值相符。对花色苷含量、Hunter 颜色值(L*、C*、h)进行两两线性相关分析,相关程度表明,C* 值可在一定程度上表征花色苷含量。     

黑莓果蔬汁加工工艺研究

比较了黑莓离心式和压榨式榨汁法制取果汁,用正交试验法探讨了果汁酶解的最佳工艺条件,比较了4种果汁澄清法和14种澄清剂的澄清效果,并复配成稳定的果蔬汁饮料。结果表明:黑莓以离心式榨汁效果较好;最佳酶解条件为酶浓度为0.06%、温度27℃、时间4h、pH为3.13;复合澄清剂使用浓度为≥0.050%,稳定剂Ⅱ使用浓度为0.015%。     

Extraction of phenolic compounds from spent blackberry pulp by enhanced-fluidity liquid extraction

This research describes an enhance-fluidity liquid extraction process for extracting total phenolic compounds (TPC) from spent blackberry pulp (SBP) using a modified solvent (CO₂–ethanol mixture). Effects of particle size (from 1,400 to 180 μm), pressure (150–300 bar), and cosolvent (ethanol)-to-solid ratio (64, 128, and 192 mL ethanol/32 g solid) on the extraction of TPC at 40°C were investigated. Experimental data was processed using the Sovova's model to obtain the solubility of TPC in the modified solvent. The Peng–Robinson equation of state was used to correlate the solubility of phenolic compounds at high pressures. Results indicated that particle sizes ranging from 600 to 850 μm and pressure of 300 bar allowed obtaining extracts with higher antioxidant activity (94.71% of inhibition) and TPC content (11.59 mg GA/g SBP). High pressure and the modified solvent increased the solubility up to 3.4 × 10⁻⁴ (mol fraction).     

黑莓籽油脱色工艺及脂肪酸组成的GC/MS分析

对黑莓籽油的脱色工艺进行了研究,同时对黑莓籽油中脂肪酸的组成进行了GC/MS分析。结果表明:黑莓籽油的适宜脱色工艺条件为活性白土用量9%、脱色温度70℃、脱色时间15min;此条件下脱色,黑莓籽油色度降为R0.8、Y10.0;黑莓籽油主要含有硬脂酸、软脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸5种脂肪酸;其中以不饱和脂肪酸为主,相对含量约为85%;优化得到的脱色方法对黑莓籽油脂肪酸的组成和相对含量影响很小。     

热烫处理对黑莓果汁营养成分和多酚氧化酶活力的影响

黑莓榨汁前采用蒸汽热烫处理,可以明显提高果汁中功能性成分———花色苷和总酚的含量,并且可以使导致果汁褐变和品质下降的主要内源酶多酚氧化酶失活,热烫3min,压榨得到果汁的花色苷和总酚含量达到最高值,当热烫时间2min,黑莓中的多酚氧化酶已完全失活。随着热烫时间延长,果汁出汁率有所下降。添加0.05%Vc进行护色处理,不能促进花色苷和总酚的溶出。黑莓榨汁前最佳的蒸汽热烫处理时间为3min。     

Preliminary Aroma Comparison of Marion (Rubus spp. hyb) and Evergreen (R. laciniatus L.) Blackberries by Dynamic Headspace/OSME Technique

ABSTRACT: Marion and Evergreen blackberry aromas were analyzed with a purge-and-trap gas chromatography-olfactometry/mass-spectrometry (GC-O/MS) technique. Fifty-eight aromas were identified. Thirty were common to both cultivars, and 22 have not been previously reported in blackberry fruit. Comparison of cultivars shows the Marion blackberry contains more esters, while the Evergreen contains more alcohols. The aroma profile of blackberry is complex, as no single volatile was unanimously described as characteristically blackberry.