基于表面反应和扩散迁移控制的灰岩单裂隙渗流—溶解模型及其数值模拟

针对碳酸盐类可溶岩地区水电站坝址流场、化学场以及固相介质属性等随时间发生改变,从而对工程安全运行造成不利影响等问题,研究了灰岩地区地下水运移过程中各物理场间的相互作用,分析了影响灰岩溶解速率的两个因素,即表面反应控制和扩散迁移控制。在此基础上,建立了单裂隙中的渗流—溶解耦合模型,并进行数值求解。模拟结果表明,在垂直裂隙延伸方向,其溶蚀锋面为非齐整平面,而是呈似“虫洞”状非均一变化,而沿裂隙延伸方向即自上游侧向下游方向溶蚀程度逐渐减轻;而通过裂隙的流量呈现随时间逐渐增大的趋势,但变幅不大;根据流量求得的等效水力隙宽,其增幅和增长速率均小于实际平均隙宽;同时,化学场中Ca2+浓度的分布与裂隙开度变化具有相似性,不同时刻下上游侧反应速率R均大于下游侧。就反应机制而言,在初期均受表面反应控制,而随反应进行,位于上游补给区部位转为受扩散迁移控制,但在下游位置仍受表面反应控制。     

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 文章分析了某单位移动工位滚轮架从动轴的断裂原因。通过对断口的宏观和微观形貌、材质的化学成分、力学性能、氢含量等分析，认为从动轴的断裂是由于白点造成的。     

基于成因机理及主控因素约束的多尺度裂缝“分级-分期-分组”建模方法——以四川盆地元坝地区上二叠统长兴组生物礁相碳酸盐岩储层为例

油气藏中普遍发育多类、多尺度天然裂缝,其成因具有多期次性,规模具有多级次性,发育受多种地质因素综合控制,这些特点为裂缝的精细三维地质建模带来了很大挑战。以四川盆地元坝地区上二叠统长兴组生物礁相碳酸盐岩储层为例,提出了一种基于成因机理及主控因素约束的多尺度裂缝“分级-分期-分组”三维地质建模方法,认为多尺度裂缝建模应遵循等时约束、层次约束及成因控制等原则,建模过程中应充分开展裂缝地质研究,根据研究区实际建立合理的裂缝级次、期次划分方案,分级、分期开展裂缝三维建模。(1)大尺度裂缝主要采用确定性方法进行建模,中-小尺度裂缝则采用其成因机制和发育主控因素进行约束建模;(2)在裂缝分期、分组描述和参数统计获得关键地质规律认识的基础上,通过地质力学方法分期开展中-小尺度裂缝分布预测,进而采用“分期-分组”的思路进行建模;(3)最终将大尺度裂缝模型和中-小尺度裂缝模型进行融合,得到多尺度裂缝网络模型。元坝地区长兴组储层多尺度裂缝建模实践表明,上述建模方法可有效弥补传统方法在建立中-小尺度裂缝模型精度方面的不足。     

Prediction of forming limit in hydro-mechanical deep drawing of steel sheets using ductile fracture criterion

It has been observed that the forming limit curve at fracture (FLCF) of steel sheets, with a relatively higher ductility limit have linear shapes, similar to those of a bulk forming process. In contrast, the FLCF of sheets with a relatively lower ductility limit have rather complex shapes approaching the forming limit curve at neck (FLCN) towards the equi-biaxial strain paths. In this study, the FLCFs of steel sheets were measured and compared with the fracture strains predicted from specific ductile fracture criteria, including a criterion suggested by the authors, which can accurately describe FLCFs with both linear and complex shapes. To predict the forming limit for hydro-mechanical deep drawing of steel sheets, the ductile fracture criteria were integrated into a finite element simulation. The simulation, results based on the criterion suggested by authors accurately predicted the experimetal, fracture limits of steel sheets for the hydro-mechanical deep drawing process.     

Indentation method for fracture resistance determination of metal/ceramic interfaces in thick TBCs

The indentation technique has been used to measure the adhesion of plasma- sprayed ceramic coatings on metals intended for thick thermal barrier coating ( TTBC) applications. This approach provides the adhesion value as the critical strain energy release rate,Gc, of the interface, which also takes into account any residual stresses. The theoretical background of the method is outlined, and specific examples are reported with respect to the effect of substrate temperature on the metal/ceramic adhesion of thick TBCs.     

Failure analysis of beta-C titanium alloy high-pressure vessels

An attempt has been made to apply the linear elastic fracture mechanics concept to Beta-C titanium alloy pressure vessels that exhibited brittle fractures during hydrotesting. Based on the results of stress analysis on the real structures and fracture surface examinations, a stress-intensity factor,K _IC, was estimated. TheK _IC value of the material in the cracking direction was measured by a surface semi-elliptical crack method. It was found that theK _IC value of the material is very close to the estimated stress-intensity factorK _I during failure, which places the pressure vessels in a critical condition in that a small variation in flaw size may cause a catastrophic failure. A compromise must be made betweenK _IC and the required yield strength. In this restricted case, the yield strength of the material should be controlled in the range of 1150 to 1200 MPa to avoid brittle fracture and the possible occurrence of yield during hydrotesting. Control of microstructure and other mechanical properties is also discussed in this investigation.     

易切削钢冲击断口分维的随机分形分析

建立横向冲击时易切削钢裂纹扩展的随机分形模型，计算了冲击断口的随机分形维数Ｄ，比较和分析了Ｄ、非随机分形维数与实测分形维数。结果表明随机分形断裂模型与实验数据完全吻合。     

Structure/property relationships in sintered and thermally sprayed WC-Co

Thermally sprayed WC-Co is widely used as a wear-resistant coating for a variety of applications. Although it is well established that thermal spray processes significantly affect chemistry, microstructure, and the phase distribution of WC-Co coatings, little is known about how these changes influence wear resistance. In this study, the microstructure and wear behavior of sintered and thermally sprayed WC-Co materials are examined. Powders of WC-12 wt% Co and WC-17 wt% Co were pressed and sintered, as well as thermally sprayed by high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF), air plasma spray (APS), and vacuum plasma spray (VPS) techniques. Results indicated considerable differences in the resulting microstructures, mechanical properties, and wear resistance. The thermally sprayed coatings showed anisotropic fracture toughness, whereas the sintered materials did not. It was also shown that a combined mechanical property/microstructure parameter, based on considerations of indentation fracture mechanisms, can be used in most cases to describe abrasive and erosive wear resistance of thermally sprayed WC-Co materials as follows: Wear resistance a whereK _ic is the indentation fracture toughness,H is hardness, andV ^Co _f is the volume fraction of cobalt. This relationship provides a means for assessing wear resistance of WC-Co coatings intended for industrial applications requiring abrasion and/or erosion resistance.     

一种高铬马氏体耐热钢的显微组织和力学性能

研究了高铬马氏体耐热钢(0.09C-10.2Cr-0.52Ni-1.52Mo-0.22V-0.07Nb-3.0Co-0.01Ti-0.0129N-0.0033B)的显微组织和力学性能.结果表明该钢经1100℃×1h空冷正火处理 750℃×1h空冷回火处理后的显微组织为板条状马氏体,在原奥氏体晶界和板条间分布有M23C6碳化物,并有少量1～3μm的M3B2颗粒,马氏体板条内部有10～30 nm的MX型析出相.短期蠕变试验数据显示其在650℃的蠕变性能优于P92钢.     

残余奥氏体对20Mn2SiVB钢的疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

研究了残余奥氏体对20Mn2SiVB钢疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明,在贝氏体铁索体中有残余奥氏体膜的存在,残余奥氏体膜可起到提高断裂韧性的作用;在应力强度因子较高的范围内,疲劳裂纹扩展速率受钢的断裂韧性影响,断裂韧性高,裂纹扩展速率低。