姜汁凝固型牛奶配方与工艺优化研究

以牛奶和生姜为主要原料,通过单因素及正交实验确定了姜汁凝固型牛奶配方与优化加工工艺。结果表明:姜汁凝固型牛奶的优化配方和工艺为奶粉用量18.5%,姜汁用量4.0%,蔗糖用量8%,pH 6.5,凝乳温度60℃。制得的产品凝乳完全,表面光滑,无乳清析出,具有姜汁凝固型牛奶固有的姜汁和牛奶的香味,口感滑嫩细腻。     

免疫婴儿乳粉的安全毒理学评定

以24株人肠道病原菌(包括病原性大肠杆菌12株、沙门氏菌8株、志贺氏菌3株、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌1株)作为抗原,对乳牛进行系统免疫,免疫乳与非免疫乳乳中IgG含量无显著差异。系统免疫并不增加乳中IgG的含量,但IgG的抗体特异性大大增强,所得的免疫初乳中乳抗体对24种不同病原菌的凝集价为28～212,为普通初乳中乳抗体凝集价的32～256倍。以免疫初乳作为原料制备免疫初乳粉并添加到婴儿乳粉中制成免疫婴儿乳粉。婴儿免疫乳粉LD50>10g/kg;Ames试验及小鼠骨髓微核试验和小鼠精子畸变试验表明婴儿免疫乳粉无致畸变作用。大鼠30d喂养试验表明,婴儿免疫乳粉对大鼠生长无不良影响,大鼠血液指标正常,病理学检查未见任何病变。     

Inactivation of Enterobacter sakazakii by pulsed electric field in buffered peptone water and infant formula milk

The effect of high-intensity pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on the survival of Enterobacter sakazakii suspended in buffered peptone water (BPW) and powdered infant formula milk (IFM) was evaluated. Reference medium and IFM samples were treated with PEF. Electric field intensity and treatment time were varied from 10 to 40 kV cm⁻¹ and from 60 to 3895 μs, respectively. Samples of buffered peptone water (3 g L⁻¹) and IFM were inoculated with E. sakazakii (CECT 858) (10⁹ cfu mL⁻¹) and then treated with PEF. The inactivation data were adjusted to the Weibull frequency distribution function and Bigelow model, and constants were calculated for both substrates. A maximum 2.7 log (cfu mL⁻¹) reduction was achieved in BPW after exposure of E. sakazakii to PEF for 360 μs (2.5 μs pulse width) at 40 kV cm⁻¹. In IFM, exposure of E. sakazakii to PEF, with the same conditions, led to a 1.2 log (cfu mL⁻¹) reduction. The greater the field strength and treatment time, the greater the inactivation achieved in both substrates. Even though further research will be necessary, according to the results, there are good prospects for the use of PEF in hospitals to achieve safe reconstituted infant formula before storage at refrigerated temperatures.     

基于汉风色典的不同色差公式的色差均匀性

为给纺织行业在纺织品贸易和质量控制等方面优选色差公式提供参考,研究了3个重要的和1个最新色差公式的色差均匀性,借助国际上色样多、视觉等距性好的汉风色典,利用X-Rite测色仪测试近2万个色样的色度参数,然后分别从向度、彩度、浓度3个方向选取3万多对相邻色样,采用MatLab编程计算4种色差并统计分析其均值、不匀率和性能因子。结果表明:不同方向不同评价指标所得结果不尽相同;在色差均匀性方面,CAM16-UCS最好,CIEDE2000_(2∶1∶1)略优于CMC_(2∶1),且二者明显优于CIELAB;在色差大小方面由小到大依次为CIEDE2000_(2∶1∶1)、CMC_(2∶1)、CAM16-UCS、CIELAB。     

Vitamins A and E content in infant milk-based powdered formulae after opening the packet

Vitamins A and E were determined by HPLC in 20 starting, milk-based powdered infant formulae from local markets. We traced the evolution of these compounds, once the packets had been opened, during 0, 30 and 70 days of storage at room temperature (≈25 °C; min. 23 °C, max. 25.5 °C). Immediately after opening the packets, vitamin A ranged from 0.55 to 0.94 mg RE/100 g (93.3–183 μg RE/100 kcal) and vitamin E from 6.58 to 27.8 mg α-TE/100 g (1.36–5.39 mg α-TE/100 kcal). All the samples had higher vitamins A and E contents than those declared on the label, vitamin A mean adequacy values: 134% ± 17, min. 98%, max. 162%, and vitamin E 185% ± 47, min. 101%, max. 286%, including values at 0, 30 and 70 days of storage.     

沙棘复合果汁饮料研制

选用沙棘复原汁与梨汁为原料制成独特的具有保健功能的复合果汁饮料。探讨了制作沙棘复合果汁饮料的最佳方案。通过单因素试验确定了各因素的最佳条件,并通过正交试验确定了沙棘梨复合果汁的最佳配方。     

苹果、决明子、怀菊花复合保健饮料的研制

本文以苹果、决明子和怀菊花为主要原料,通过正交实验对苹果汁的护色,复合饮料的配方设计及其稳定性进行了重点研究,研制出一种天然保健、风味良好的复合保健饮料。     

Euler常数与Stirling序列的快速收敛法

对某些重要的收敛序列,借助几何直观方法估计了它们的收敛余项。     

用红外测温技术测量铸件浇铸过程中的表面温度

利用红外测温技术并结合导热与对流耦合反问题求解,给出了一种根据铸件浇铸过程表面温度红外监测情况反推铸件凝固温度的方法.经过数值计算验证,该方法可对铸件浇铸过程中的表面温度给出高精度的定量检测结果.实际测试结果表明,该方法具有可行性.另外,通过编制简单、可行的程序并输入不同铸件的具体特征参数,可以方便、即时地反推出不同铸件浇铸过程中的表面温度.因此,该方法可用于指导铸件浇铸的生产实践.     

重组海芦笋脆片配方及加工工艺研究

以海芦笋为主要原料,并添加增色增香增味物质及助成型物质,用真空微波与真空干燥联合干燥技术生产重组脆片.固定海芦笋添加量为70 g,研究增色增香增味物质不同添加量,糯米粉、蔗糖、花生蛋白粉不同添加量及不同煮制调味时间对产品品质的影响,感官评定结果表明:当添加胡萝卜9 g,白芝麻8 g,味精0.05 g时,产品品质最好;正交试验显示:糯米粉添加量为8 g,蔗糖添加量为4.5 g,花生蛋白粉的添加量为4 g,最佳煮制调味时间为6 min时产品质量最佳.