MgO膨胀剂对超高性能混凝土收缩性能的影响

为明确MgO膨胀剂(MEA)对超高性能混凝土(UHPC)收缩性能及抗压强度的影响,本文通过抗压强度和自收缩试验来评估不同活性、不同掺量MEA对UHPC的作用效果,并对其作用机理进行分析。结果表明,不同活性的MEA均能有效抑制UHPC的收缩,其中高活性的MEA水化速率相对较大,对UHPC早期的自收缩抑制效果明显。然而,MEA与水泥之间“争水效应”的存在,使得掺加高活性MEA的UHPC的抗压强度较同龄期掺加低活性MEA的UHPC的抗压强度低6%左右。MEA的掺量是影响其减缩效果的重要因素,当MEA掺量超过6%(质量分数)时,受UHPC基体自由水含量的限制导致其膨胀性能不能充分激发,难以进一步提升MEA的膨胀性能。综合考虑MEA对UHPC的收缩性能与力学性能的影响,本文建议选用活性值为220 s、掺量为6%的低活性MEA。     

初始缝高比对钢纤维混凝土断裂性能的影响

为研究初始缝高比对钢纤维混凝土断裂性能的影响,对三种不同初始缝高比(0.1、0.2、0.3)的钢纤维混凝土开展断裂韧性试验,计算相关的断裂参数,并借助声发射(AE)和数字图像法(DIC)分析了裂缝发展过程中AE能量和全场应变的变化规律。结果表明,钢纤维混凝土的断裂韧性随初始缝高比的增大呈减小趋势,当初始缝高比为0.3时钢纤维混凝土的断裂性能大幅下降。钢纤维混凝土的断裂过程可根据AE能量划分为弹塑性阶段、裂纹稳定扩展阶段和断裂阶段,随初始缝高比增加,弹塑性阶段持续时间减少。DIC分析结果表明,在整个加载过程中,预制裂缝尖端会产生较大的应力集中,裂缝的横向应变较大。研究结果揭示了钢纤维混凝土裂缝发展机理,可为其工程应用提供理论支持。     

再生骨料特征参数对混凝土强度的影响

再生骨料(RCA)对混凝土的性能影响极大,了解RCA对混凝土性能的影响,对提高RCA的利用效率,降低建筑行业碳排放并响应国家“双碳”政策至关重要。本文借助CT扫描技术获取了四组不同RCA替代率下掺锂渣再生混凝土的骨料特征图像,运用数字图像处理方法获得了RCA的形状系数(SF)、棱角度(AN)、棱角与表面纹理(AT)指数及三维球体度(SP),分析了它们的分布规律及特点,并通过灰色关联分析方法建立了骨料特征参数与抗压强度的联系。结果表明:RCA具有较高的不规则性,由于骨料残留的砂浆量不同,其表面呈现粗糙且多棱角的特点;四个骨料特征参数均表现出较高的灰色关联度,其中SP关联性最大,达到0.942;在合理的骨料混合比例下,试验样品可以满足C30混凝土强度的要求,且在30%(质量分数)RCA替代率下力学性能最优。     

湿法解毒铁铬渣作混凝土掺合料的性能研究

铁铬渣是以铬铁矿为原料生产金属铬和铬盐后产生的工业废渣。经硫酸亚铁湿法解毒的铁铬渣仍然具有一定的火山灰活性,可作混凝土矿物掺合料使用。然而由于湿法解毒铁铬渣含有水溶性铬（Ⅵ）,影响了其建材化资源利用。研究了湿法解毒铁铬渣的粒径分布、火山灰活性;以湿法解毒铁铬渣作为矿物掺合料代替粉煤灰用于C30混凝土,考察了混凝土的工作性能、力学性能和水溶性铬（Ⅵ）的浸出量。结果表明：湿法解毒铁铬渣的粒径主要分布在1~20 μm,28 d活性指数达到68%;当湿法解毒铁铬渣取代20%（以质量分数计）粉煤灰时,混凝土坍落度增加了38.2%,7 d和28 d强度分别增加了7%和6%;混凝土浸出液中水溶性铬（Ⅵ）的浓度,根据标准的不同其要求也不同。湿法解毒铁铬渣有作为矿物掺合料的可能性,但是需要考虑其水溶性铬（Ⅵ）的浸出量,以确保混凝土的安全使用。     

Effect of steel slag on 3D concrete printing of geopolymer with quaternary binders

A new type of 3D-printable ‘one-part’ geopolymer was synthesized with fly ash (FA), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), steel slag (SS) and flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD). The effects of SS content (0–40%) on the rheological properties, 3D-printability, mechanical anisotropy and reaction kinetics of geopolymer were investigated. The yield stress and plastic viscosity monotonically decreased with the increasing SS content. Contrarily, the geopolymer with 10% of SS presented better extrudability, buildability and mechanical strength than those with 0, 20%, 30% and 40% of SS. This was mainly attributed to the conflicting influence of SS on geopolymerization, of which the OH^? produced by hydration of SS raised the alkalinity of the reaction system and accelerated the dissolution of SiO₄^4? and AlO₄^5?, while the low reactivity prohibited the following polymerization process. Furthermore, the 3D-printed geopolymer presented more compact microstructure and less mechanical anisotropy thanks to the crosslinking of morphologically complementary products, including N(C)-A-S-H, C–S–H, AFt and CH, formed via synergistic reaction of FA-GBFS-SS-FGD system.     

Effect of cooling methods on residual compressive strength and cracking behavior of fly ash concretes exposed at elevated temperatures

This paper presents the effects of cooling methods on residual compressive strength and cracking behavior of concretes containing four different class F fly ash contents of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% as partial replacement of cement at various elevated temperatures. The residual compressive strength of the aforementioned fly ash concretes is measured after being exposed to 200, 400, 600 and 800 °C temperatures and two different cooling methods, for example, slow cooling and rapid water cooling. Results show that the residual compressive strengths of all fly ash concretes decrease with increase in temperatures irrespective of cooling regimes, which is similar to that of ordinary concrete. Generally, control ordinary concrete and all fly ash concretes exhibited between 10% and 35% more reduction in residual compressive strength because of rapid cooling than slow cooling except few cases. Cracks are observed over concrete specimens after being exposed to temperatures ranging from 400 to 800 °C. Samples that are slowly cooled developed smaller cracks than those rapidly cooled. At 800 °C, all fly ash concretes that are exposed to rapid cooling showed the most severe cracking. X‐ray diffraction analysis shows reduction of Ca(OH)₂ peak and formation of new calcium silicate peak in concretes containing 20% and 40% fly ash when subjected to 800 °C in both cooling methods. Thermo gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis results show increase in thermal stability of concrete with increase in fly ash contents. The existing Eurocode also predicted the compressive strength of fly ash concretes with reasonable accuracy when subjected to the aforementioned elevated temperatures and cooling methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

物理强化对再生混凝土碳化性能影响

研究3种品质物理强化再生粗骨料和不同取代率(Фz=0、50%、100%)取代天然骨料对再生混凝土的碳化性能的影响。结果显示:再生粗骨料混凝土碳化性能为:SA再生粗骨料混凝土FA再生粗骨料混凝土/普通混凝土SBA再生粗骨料混凝土,SBA再生粗骨料混凝土的碳化深度均随着Фz的增大而增大,FA和SA再生粗骨料混凝土的碳化深度均随着Фz的增大而减小。     

大掺量粉煤灰再生混凝土配合比试验研究

试验研究了水胶比、粉煤灰掺量和再生粗骨料取代率对大掺量粉煤灰再生混凝土抗压强度的影响。正交试验结果表明,大掺量粉煤灰再生混凝土7d、14d、28d、56d、90d抗压强度的最主要影响因素为粉煤灰掺量,其次为水胶比及再生粗骨料取代率,通过正交设计可以得出大掺量粉煤灰再生混凝土的配合比设计方法。     

包裹方式及条带间距对BFRP-PVC管自密实再生混凝土短柱力学性能的影响研究

通过对27根不同包裹方式和条带间距的BFRP-PVC管自密实再生混凝土短柱进行轴压试验,研究纤维布包裹方式和条带间距对BFRP-PVC管试件柱的承载力、变形能力以及破坏形态的影响。试验结果表明,在纤维布粘贴总层数相同的情况下,里层全裹试件柱的强度提高率和变形能力明显优于全部条带间隔粘贴的试件柱,其中Z1BS系列柱的强度提高率比Z2BS系列柱的强度提高率更高;条带环箍间距对于试件的强度提高率有一定的影响,影响程度与里层纤维布包裹方式有关;就变形能力而言,BFRP-PVC管试件短柱优于PVC管混凝土短柱,里层全裹纤维布短柱优于全部条带间隔方式包裹的短柱,Z2BS系列试件优于Z1BS系列试件。     

BFRP筋与蒸养混凝土粘结性能研究

为研究BFRP筋与混凝土粘结性能,将BFRP筋混凝土试件蒸养8h后再各标养3d及28d,对试件进行中心拉拔试验。研究不同龄期试件破坏形态及试件粘结强度随混凝土强度和粘结长度变化的规律,利用1st Opt软件对试件粘结强度与影响因素关系进行二次非线性曲面拟合。结果表明,试件主要破坏形态为BFRP筋拔出和混凝土劈拉破坏;与粘结长度相比,混凝土强度对不同龄期试件的粘结强度影响较显著,C40比C25增幅达29.1%,17.5d比7.5d降幅达21.4%;1st Opt软件拟合的粘结强度公式为确定不同混凝土强度、不同粘结长度下试件不同龄期的粘结强度值提供理论依据。