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11.
Margeaux A. Miller Prof. Dr. Ellen M. Sletten 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2020,21(24):3451-3462
Perfluorocarbons, saturated carbon chains in which all the hydrogen atoms are replaced with fluorine, form a separate phase from both organic and aqueous solutions. Though perfluorinated compounds are not found in living systems, they can be used to modify biomolecules to confer orthogonal behavior within natural systems, such as improved stability, engineered assembly, and cell-permeability. Perfluorinated groups also provide handles for purification, mass spectrometry, and 19F NMR studies in complex environments. Herein, we describe how the unique properties of perfluorocarbons have been employed to understand and manipulate biological systems. 相似文献
13.
Jonathan K. Dozier Mark D. Distefano 《International journal of molecular sciences》2015,16(10):25831-25864
The use of proteins as therapeutics has a long history and is becoming ever more common in modern medicine. While the number of protein-based drugs is growing every year, significant problems still remain with their use. Among these problems are rapid degradation and excretion from patients, thus requiring frequent dosing, which in turn increases the chances for an immunological response as well as increasing the cost of therapy. One of the main strategies to alleviate these problems is to link a polyethylene glycol (PEG) group to the protein of interest. This process, called PEGylation, has grown dramatically in recent years resulting in several approved drugs. Installing a single PEG chain at a defined site in a protein is challenging. Recently, there is has been considerable research into various methods for the site-specific PEGylation of proteins. This review seeks to summarize that work and provide background and context for how site-specific PEGylation is performed. After introducing the topic of site-specific PEGylation, recent developments using chemical methods are described. That is followed by a more extensive discussion of bioorthogonal reactions and enzymatic labeling. 相似文献
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WeiJia Luo LingXia Li Shihui Yu Qianyu Guo Bowen Zhang Zheng Sun 《Ceramics International》2018,44(11):12414-12419
Low-loss (Zn1-xNix)ZrNbTaO8 (0.02?≤?x?≤?0.10) ceramics possessing single wolframite structure are initiatively synthesized by solid-state route. Based on the results of Rietveld refinement, complex chemical bond theory is used to establish the correlation between structural characteristics and microwave performance in this ceramic system. A small amount of Ni2+ (x?=?0.06) in A-site with the fixed substitution of Ta5+ in B-site can effectually raise the Q?×?f value of ZnZrNb2O8 ceramic, embodying a dense microstructure and high lattice energy. The dielectric constant and τf are mainly affected by bond ionicity and the average octahedral distortion. The (Zn0.94Ni0.06)ZrNbTaO8 ceramic sample sintered at 1150?°C for 3?h exhibits an outstanding combination of microwave dielectric properties: εr =?27.88, Q?×?f?=?128,951?GHz, τf =?–39.9?ppm/°C. Thus, it is considered to be a candidate material for the communication device applications at high frequency. 相似文献
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含动力学抑制剂的天然气水合物相平衡研究对新型低剂量抑制剂的开发具有指导作用。在283.6 ~ 290.9 K和7.51 MPa ~ 15.97 MPa的温压范围内研究了抑制剂Inhibex501及其溶剂2-乙二醇单丁醚对甲烷水合物相平衡条件的影响。实验结果显示,0.5wt%和2.0wt%浓度的Inhibex501对甲烷水合物形成的热力学条件具有促进作用,能使甲烷水合物形成移向更高的温度或者更低的压力,而2-乙二醇单丁醚在浓度0.2wt% ~ 1.0wt%范围几乎不改变甲烷水合物形成的热力学条件,N-乙烯基己内酰胺与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮的共聚物对水合物形成热力学条件的改变起主要作用。 相似文献
18.
Wyatt L. Brown Douglas A. Day Harald Stark Demetrios Pagonis Jordan E. Krechmer Xiaoxi Liu Derek J. Price Erin F. Katz Peter F. DeCarlo Catherine G. Masoud Dongyu S. Wang Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz Caleb Arata David M. Lunderberg Allen H. Goldstein Delphine K. Farmer Marina E. Vance Jose L. Jimenez 《Indoor air》2021,31(1):141-155
Understanding the sources and composition of organic aerosol (OA) in indoor environments requires rapid measurements, since many emissions and processes have short timescales. However, real-time molecular-level OA measurements have not been reported indoors. Here, we present quantitative measurements, at a time resolution of five seconds, of molecular ions corresponding to diverse aerosol-phase species, by applying extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) to indoor air analysis for the first time, as part of the highly instrumented HOMEChem field study. We demonstrate how the complex spectra of EESI-MS are screened in order to extract chemical information and investigate the possibility of interference from gas-phase semivolatile species. During experiments that simulated the Thanksgiving US holiday meal preparation, EESI-MS quantified multiple species, including fatty acids, carbohydrates, siloxanes, and phthalates. Intercomparisons with Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer suggest that EESI-MS quantified a large fraction of OA. Comparisons with FIGAERO-CIMS shows similar signal levels and good correlation, with a range of 100 for the relative sensitivities. Comparisons with SV-TAG for phthalates and with SV-TAG and AMS for total siloxanes also show strong correlation. EESI-MS observations can be used with gas-phase measurements to identify co-emitted gas- and aerosol-phase species, and this is demonstrated using complementary gas-phase PTR-MS observations. 相似文献
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文章简要介绍了化学除臭清洗剂JX-518的组成,并对采用该清洗剂对污水汽提系统进行化学除臭清洗的清洗过程及注意事项进行了详细介绍。实践证明,清洗后系统残液中硫化物及氨氮可降至很低,取得了很好的清洗效果。 相似文献