多高斯关联扭曲光束在GRIN光纤中的轨道角动量演化

轨道角动量(orbital angular momentum, OAM)的引入丰富了光通信领域内的调制维度,为寻找更高效快捷的通信方式提供了新思路,相较于传统携带涡旋相位的涡旋光束,部分相干扭曲光束携带的OAM性质更为复杂。本文针对椭圆多高斯关联扭曲光束在梯度折射率(gradient-index, GRIN)光纤中的OAM传输,基于GRIN光纤的ABCD光学传输矩阵,着重分析了多高斯关联扭曲光束在GRIN光纤传输的OAM的传输演化特性。研究结果表明,光束的光强、OAM通量密度以及归一化OAM通量密度在光纤传输过程中均呈现周期性变化,通过对关联结构以及扭曲因子的调控不仅可以改变光束OAM通量密度的分布,还可以调控单光子携带OAM的大小。本文的研究有助于丰富扭曲部分相干光束在GRIN光纤中传输的理论结果,在光纤通信中具有潜在的应用前景。     

光纤电压传感器传感头优化与热致非互易误差抑制

针对普通光纤电压传感器在外界温度扰动下其输出精度和稳定性会受到严重影响这一问题,本文提出了一种采用保偏光子晶体光纤(polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber,PM-PCF) 作为传感光纤的传感头优化方法抑制温度扰动下的系统非互易误差。在综合考虑PM-PCF与传统熊猫型保偏光纤(panda polarization maintaining fiber,panda-PMF) 尾纤间的熔接损耗、传输损耗以及现有工艺条件下的光纤制备等问题的基础上,优化得到了与panda-PMF间的熔接损耗低至0.14 dB的PM-PCF;并对比分析了这两种保偏光纤的双折射温度依赖特性,建立了全光纤类型的光学电压传感器(fiber optic voltage sensor,FOVS) 热致系统误差输出模型,分析验证了PM-PCF在解决反射式逆压电型FOVS热致非互易问题的可行性。结果表明,采用PM-PCF优化后的FOVS热致非互易误差约是传统保偏光纤电压传感器 的10-2量级。这在提高系统输出精度和稳定性等方面具有显著优势,同时这种低损耗的优化方法在光纤传感及通信等领域具有重要的应用价值。     

一种双梁互补式光纤光栅位移传感器及在地铁隧道变形监测中的应用

本文提出了一种双梁互补式光纤光栅(fiber Bragg grating, FBG)位移传感器,实现了正负双向位移的测量。采用双“悬臂梁+楔形滑块”的结构,当一个悬臂梁受位移作用处于变形状态时,另一个悬臂梁不变形并提供温度补偿功能。传感器处于零值测点状态时,两个悬臂梁处于零弯曲状态,且双梁互为温度补偿,消除了温度影响。通过性能测试实验证明,该传感器在±50的量程内,灵敏度为29.369 pm/mm,测量重复性好。制备出8个传感器应用于某市地铁的变形安全监测,从道床沉降、道床环缝、管片环缝3个方面开展了变形测量。在长期监测期间,传感器工作稳定,被测结构变形状态稳定,表明该传感器具有良好的测量性能,适用于长期的结构健康监测。     

HVDC/GIC型直流偏磁的差异性分析

考虑到地磁感应电流(geomagnetically induced current, GIC)具有低频性,过去一直将其近似等效为高压直流输电(high voltage direct current, HVDC)诱发的不平衡电流进行研究。然而,与HVDC型直流偏磁相比,GIC型直流偏磁具有显著的随机性与时变性,因此简单地将两者完全等效处理并不合理,在特定场景下应加以区分。为此,首先,从理论上分析了两种类型直流偏磁在诱发原因及特点上的差异。其次,通过研究直流偏磁对变压器本体以及电流互感器的不利影响,进一步探究两种类型直流偏磁对电网一/二次设备的影响差异,为后续的偏磁治理提供有效参考。最后,基于PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台搭建了等效仿真模型,并通过仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。     

基于空间矢量复合判断指标的变电站动力电缆漏电检测算法

为提高变电站长段动力电缆漏电监测水平,提出了一种基于空间矢量复合判据的变电站长段动力电缆漏电检测算法。首先对现有方法中无法检测三相漏电故障的问题进行了分析。然后,引入空间矢量的概念,将剩余电流数据转换为空间矢量圆,提出了剩余电流差流、A相漏电流以及空间矢量圆半径变化率3个漏电状态判断指标。并建立了针对电缆不平衡漏电及三相漏电故障的类型判断机制,实现了对长段动力电缆漏电状态及类型的准确检测。最后,通过仿真及江苏电网某500 kV变电站实际数据对所提方法的有效性与优越性进行验证。结果表明,该方法能够准确实现对不平衡漏电故障、故障演变过程以及三相漏电故障的判断,丰富了电缆漏电故障的诊断信息,有效提高了对变电站漏电问题的分析处理效率。     

合谷刺配合恢刺阿是穴治疗血瘀型腰椎间盘突出症临床研究

摘 要:目的 观察合谷刺配合恢刺阿是穴对血瘀型腰椎间盘突出症(Lumbar disc herniation,LDH)患者的临床疗效及对腰椎功能日本骨科协会评估治疗评分（Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores,JOA）、McGill疼痛量表、疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)及患者血清(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)、P物质(Substance P,SP)的影响。方法 采用随机数字表法将80例血瘀型LDH患者随机分为合谷刺配合恢刺阿是穴组(治疗组)及常规针刺组(对照组),每组40例。治疗组常规选穴行合谷刺法,在此基础上配合恢刺局部压痛点;对照组采用平补平泻法。两组均隔日治疗1次,5次为1疗程,共3疗程。疗程结束后进行综合疗效评价及腰椎功能JOA评分、McGill疼痛量表、VAS及血清5-HT、SP比较。结果 治疗组总有效率为89.18%,对照组为64.86%;与治疗前比较,两组治疗后腰椎功能JOA评分升高,McGill疼痛量表、VAS评分及血清5-HT、SP均降低。结论 合谷刺配合恢刺阿是穴较常规针刺更能有效缓解血瘀型LDH疼痛,提高腰椎功能活动度,从而改善临床症状,值得临床进一步推广。     

A Dual-Mode Electrochromic Platform Integrating Zinc Anode-Based and Rocking-Chair Electrochromic Devices

The complementary electrochromic device, where the optical transmittance changes upon the flow of cations back and forth between anodic and cathodic electrodes, operates in a rocking-chair fashion if it can inherently self-discharge. Herein, the first demonstration of a dual-mode electrochromic platform having self-coloring and self-bleaching characteristics is reported, which is realized by sandwiching zinc metal within a newly-designed Prussian blue (PB)-WO₃ rocking-chair type electrochromic device. It is demonstrated that the redox potential differences between the zinc metal and the WO₃/PB electrodes endow the self-color-switching of these electrodes. By employing a hybrid electrolyte of Zn²⁺/K⁺, it is further shown that the colored PB-WO₃ rocking-chair device is capable of spontaneously bleaching when the anodic and cathodic electrodes are coupled. This dual-mode light-control strategy enables the electrochromic devices to exhibit four distinct optical states with the highest optical contrast of 72.6% and fast switching times (<5 s for the bleaching/coloration processes). Furthermore, the built-in voltage of the dual-mode electrochromic devices not only promotes energy efficiency, but also augments the bistability of the devices. It is envisioned that the broad implication of the present platform is in the development of self-powered smart windows, colorful displays, optoelectronic switches, and optical sensors.     

A Metal-Free Mesoporous Carbon Dots/Silica Hybrid Type I Photosensitizer with Enzyme-Activity for Synergistic Treatment of Hypoxic Tumor

As a less O₂-dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT), type I PDT is an effective approach to overcome the hypoxia-induced low efficiency against solid tumors. However, the commonly used metal-involved agents suffer from the long-term biosafety concern. Herein, a metal-free type I photosensitizer, N-doped carbon dots/mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NCDs/MSN, ≈40 nm) nanohybrid with peroxidase (POD)-like activity for synergistic PDT and enzyme-activity treatment, is developed on gram scale via a facile one-pot strategy through mixing carbon source and silica precursor with the assistance of template. Benefiting from the narrow bandgap (1.92 eV) and good charge separation capacity of NCDs/MSN, upon 640 nm light irradiation, the excited electrons in the conduction band can effectively generate O₂^•− by reduction of dissolved O₂ via a one-electron transfer process even under hypoxic conditions, inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. Moreover, the photoinduced O₂^•− can partially transform into more toxic ^•OH through a two-electron reduction. Moreover, the POD-like activity of NCDs/MSN can catalyze the endogenous H₂O₂ to ^•OH in the tumor microenvironment, further synergistically ablating 4T1 tumor cells. Therefore, a mass production way to synthesize a novel metal-free type I photosensitizer with enzyme-mimic activity for synergistic treatment of hypoxic tumors is provided, which exhibits promising clinical translation prospects.     

基于消光断层法的喷雾分布不均匀度测量技术

燃油喷嘴喷雾分布不均匀度作为衡量喷嘴喷雾性能的重要参数之一,直接影响发动机的燃烧效率以及污染排放。为了验证消光断层法激光式分布器(Statistical Extinction Tomography Scan Optical Patternator,SETscan)在喷雾分布不均匀度方面的测量能力,利用离心式喷嘴在不同燃油工况条件下开展燃油喷嘴雾化性能实验,并与传统机械式测量方法进行了对比。结果表明,相比于传统机械式测量方法,激光式测量方法稳定性更好、实验效率更高、实验数据更加直观,具有更高的时间和空间分辨率,对激光遮挡率为10%~90%的燃油喷雾能够得出合理有效的浓度分布实验结果,同时由于激光式测量方法属于非接触测量,不会受到喷雾本身特性和安装位置等因素的影响。     

纤维与水泥基体黏结性能及影响因素研究北大核心CSCD

纤维混凝土的韧性来源于纤维的桥接作用,而桥接作用的核心问题是纤维与水泥基体的黏结性能。为了探究纤维对混凝土的增韧机理,本文开展了不同养护龄期(0~28 d)、拔出速率(1~30 mm/min)、纤维锚固长度(10~60 mm)以及粉煤灰掺量(0~30%)下聚丙烯纤维水泥基砂浆的单根纤维拔出试验(single fiber pull-out test,SFPT),基于能量耗散原理和试验数据,建立了聚丙烯纤维水泥基砂浆韧性指数与纤维拔出过程中吸能指数的数学关系,提出了基于广义灰色关联理论的界面黏结强度影响因素计算分析方法。研究结果表明:随着养护龄期、拔出速率和纤维锚固长度的增加,聚丙烯纤维水泥基体界面黏结强度均逐渐增大,但纤维的韧性指数在养护18 h时较佳,拔出速率6 mm/min、锚固长度20 mm时最佳。当粉煤灰掺量为20%左右,纤维-水泥基体界面黏结性能最佳。并基于广义灰色关联分析法,阐明了四种因素与界面黏结强度的数学关联,研究成果可以为纤维水泥基砂浆的设计与应用提供理论支撑。