EDI工艺的化学清洗与对冲

EDI电除盐技术这一全膜法新工艺一旦出现污堵、污染将会直接影响到EDI设备的正常出力,严重时还会造成膜元件结垢以及设备污染无法运行。通过对菏泽电厂三套EDI装置在长期运行下存在的污堵、污染问题及整个化学清洗过程进行总结整理,为今后探讨交流这一新工艺提供参考。     

雨水径流颗粒物对陶瓷透水砖堵塞的影响

通过雨水径流水质的实地检测,分析了雨水径流中颗粒物粒径分布规律;采用室内试验模拟了雨水径流引起的陶瓷透水砖堵塞过程,系统研究了雨水径流中颗粒物对陶瓷透水砖堵塞的影响。结果表明:雨水径流中的颗粒物绝大部分平均粒径小于50 μm;陶瓷透水砖堵塞机制主要是粒径 20~<50 μm的颗粒物引起的表面堵塞,砖表面截留的颗粒物质量约占总截留颗粒物质量的75%;陶瓷透水砖表面截留颗粒物的粒径范围与砖表面孔径范围并不一致,主要是因为陶瓷透水砖截留的颗粒物在其表面形成的“类滤膜”的筛滤截留作用。建议合理减小陶瓷透水砖小于50 μm范围的孔径占比,以提高人工清扫恢复陶瓷透水砖透水性能的效率。     

液相沉淀反应在管式微通道反应器中的流动行为研究

以碳酸钙水相合成为模型反应,借助对流动反应过程的放大观测,从沉淀悬浮液的流变特性分析了液相沉淀反应在毫米级管式微通道中的流动行为特征以及通道堵塞的过程机理。结果表明,碳酸钙-水悬浮体系的黏度在低剪切速率下随固含率的增加而飙升,而反应通道堵塞的本质可归因于在壁面和流动主体区形成了固含率较高的局部高黏区,使流动性严重恶化。提高反应的流速加快了壁面沉积层和沉淀颗粒团聚体的形成,反而加快了堵塞;其中团聚体的形成远快于沉积层的积累,使团聚体的“架桥”虽晚于沉积层出现,却成为管路堵塞的主要因素。基于破坏流动壁面和主体的局部高黏区,设计了两种新型的微通道反应器模型,有可能为解决反应通道堵塞这一难题提供新的思路。     

疏浚淤泥中的拱架结构防淤堵机理

透气真空快速泥水分离技术适用于高含水率高粘粒含量疏浚淤泥的堆场处理,可以快速减小堆场中淤泥的体积,加速堆场的周转利用,并能解决常规真空处理方法中存在的滤层淤堵问题。通过对透气真空快速泥水分离试验和常规真空抽水试验结束后进行试样取样颗粒分布试验,可以看出透气真空方法中滤层材料附近的淤泥土体中细颗粒流失,粗颗粒富集,形成拱架结构;而常规真空抽水方法中不存在细颗粒流失,没有形成拱架结构,造成了淤堵。分析了拱架结构层形成的过程,其能够保护土体内部的细颗粒不再流失,同时保证较高的渗透性。解释了常规真空抽水方法容易产生淤堵,而透气真空方法能够解决淤堵问题的原因。     

钻孔灌注桩导管堵塞的原因分析及预防和处理

钻孔灌注桩在施工过程中经常会发生导管堵塞的现象,是一种危害较大,也较难处理的事故,因此仔细分析它产生的原因也就成为必要,依此采取一些积极的应对措施来预防,并根据施工中积累的经验对此进行相应的处理.     

A model of seepage field in the tailings dam considering the chemical clogging process

The radial collector well, an important water drainage construction, has been widely applied to the tailings dam. Chemical clogging frequently occurs around the vertical shaft in radial collector well due to enough dissolved oxygen and some heavy metals in groundwater flow of tailings dam. Considering the contribution of water discharge from both vertical shaft and horizontal screen laterals and chemical clogging occurring around vertical shaft well, a new model was developed on the basis of Multi-Node Well (MNW2) package of MODFLOW. Moreover, two cases were calculated by the newly developed model. The results indicate that the model considering chemical clogging occurring around the vertical shaft well is reasonable. Owing to the decrease in hydraulic conductivity caused by chemical clogging, the groundwater level in dam body increases constantly and water discharge of radial collector well declines by 10-15%. For ordinary vertical well, it decreases by 30%. Therefore, chemical clogging occurring around radial collector well can arouse increases of groundwater level, and influence dambody safety.     

Stream regulation and nitrogen dynamics in sediment interstices: comparison of natural and straightened sectors of a third‐order stream

Nitrogen dynamics were studied in the interstitial environment (i.e. hyporheic zone) of a sandy‐bottom stream in a rural landscape. A third‐order stream in Brittany (France) was studied at 11 stations (riffles) to evaluate spatial patterns of water exchange between surface and interstitial habitats. More intensive sampling was conducted in three riffles selected according to their hydrological characteristics. Chemical characteristics (especially nitrogen) and microbial denitrification were studied at 12.5 and 25 cm depth upstream, and 25 cm depth downstream of each riffle. This study confirms that the interstitial habitat of a N‐rich stream acts as a sink for the nitrate‐nitrogen. Experimental manipulation of sediment cores indicates that denitrification is limited by carbon in surface (i.e. benthic) and by nitrate in hyporheic sediments. River regulation increases inputs of fine sediments, modifies river channel location, and generates changes in the spatial patterns of biogeochemical processes, water origins, and hydrologic exchanges. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

S Zorb装置再生器旋风分离器故障分析

中国石油化工股份有限公司洛阳分公司1.5 Mt/a汽油吸附脱硫装置在实际运行过程中,出现吸附剂废剂罐料位持续异常上升现象,经判断原因为再生器内部旋风分离器出现故障。在对反应部分打全循环,再生器局部停工处理后,发现再生器内部二级旋风分离器堵塞是造成吸附剂大量跑损的直接原因,根本原因为再生器盘管出现泄漏,装置再生器在提高主风恢复生产过程中,湿吸附剂带入了旋风分离器,造成了旋风分离器的堵塞。提出了生产运行改进建议:在日常生产中,需关注料腿松动风的注入情况,加强取热盘管的管理;在再生器局部处理过程中,需关注盘管运行情况,检测料腿畅通情况,避免出现旋风分离器堵塞现象。     

容克式空预器堵灰原因及解决方案

从尾部烟道的转向室设计、空预器换热片构成、煤质变化、暖风器投运情况以及运行调整等方面入手,全面分析了回转式空预器堵灰的原因及过程,由此提出了防止空预器堵灰及解决处理空预器堵塞的方案。     

局部高位入渗对渗透池入渗速率的影响

含水层中的弱透水层和回灌过程中的堵塞问题是影响地下水人工回灌工程效率和寿命的关键问题.本文通过室内实验,模拟了自然状态地表覆盖有弱透水层的情况下,正常回灌、局部开挖回填砂砾石,以及设计的局部高位入渗方法对渗透池入渗速率的影响.实验证明,实践中通常采用的局部开挖回填砂砾石的方法对入渗效率的提高是有效的,但是由于回灌水源在...