利用膨胀床吸附技术单步纯化分子伴侣—GroEL

Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) is an integrative downstream processing technique for the purification of biological substances directly from unclarified feedstock. In this study, molecular chaperone GroEL, an important protein folding helper both in vivo and in vitro, was purified by the single-step EBA technique from the unclarified homogenate of recombinant E. coli cells. Compared with packed bed adsorption, the EBA technique provided a single-step approach to yield an electrophoretic purity of GroEL. After the homogenate loading and column washing in the expanded bed mode, the GroEL protein was recovered by stepwise salt-gradient elution in packed-bed or expanded-bed modes, respectively. The expanded-bed elution mode was found as efficient as the packed-bed mode in the purification of GroEL from cell disruptate.     

高纯聚氯化铝的制备及研究进展

近年来,随着现代水处理技术的迅速发展,高纯聚氯化铝作为一种优良的无机混凝剂受到了广泛关注。常规的聚氯化铝生产方法中,产品中的铁及其他重金属离子含量较高。因此,杂质含量的控制对生产高纯聚氯化铝尤为重要。归纳总结了5种主要的高纯聚氯化铝制备方法（直接合成法、净化法、电解法、凝胶法及热解活化法等）的研究进展及优缺点,指出了高纯聚氯化铝制备过程中存在的问题,最后展望了高纯聚氯化铝的发展趋势。     

Reforming of methane and coalbed methane over nanocomposite Ni/ZrO2 catalyst

Nanocomposite Ni/ZrO₂-AN catalyst consisting of comparably sized Ni metal and ZrO₂ nanoparticles is studied in comparison with zirconia- and alumina-supported Ni catalysts (Ni/ZrO₂-CP and commercial Ni/Al₂O₃-C) for steam reforming of methane (SRM) and for combined steam and CO₂ reforming of methane (CSCRM). The reactions are performed under atmospheric pressure with stoichiometric amounts of H₂O and CH₄ or (H₂O + CO₂) and CH₄ at 1073 K. Under a wide range of methane space velocity (gas hourly space velocity of methane GHSV_CH4 = 12,000–96,000 ml/(h g_cat.), the nanocomposite Ni/ZrO₂-AN catalyst always shows higher activity and stability for both SRM and CSCRM reactions. The two supported Ni catalysts (Ni/ZrO₂-CP and Ni/Al₂O₃-C) exhibit fairly stable catalysis under low GHSV_CH4 but they are easily deactivated under high GHSV_CH4 and become completely inactive when they are reacted for ca.100 h at GHSV_CH4 = 48,000 ml/(h g_cat.). The CSCRM reaction is carried out with different H₂O/CO₂ ratios in the reaction feed while keeping the molar ratio (H₂O + CO₂)/CH₄ = 1.0, the results prove that the nanocomposite Ni/ZrO₂-AN catalyst can be highly promising in enabling a catalytic technology for the production of syngas with flexible H₂/CO ratios (ca. H₂/CO = 1.0–3.0) to meet the requirements of various downstream chemical syntheses.     

配煤法制备中孔活性炭的试验研究

以不同配比的大同烟煤和太西无烟煤为原料，不同配比的碱式碳酸镁和硝酸铵作为添加剂，在不同的炭化温度和活化时间下制备活性炭。试验结果表明：高含量的大同烟煤、碱式碳酸镁和硝酸铵的比值为1：2、600℃的炭化温度更有利于制备中孔丰富的活性炭。     

黄磷尾气净化脱除磷化氢、硫化氢中试试验

采用自制的催化剂JC-4,设计出碱洗-催化氧化工艺对黄磷尾气进行深度净化处理。中试试验结果表明:常压、100℃、尾气流量为36~50 m3/h、氧气体积分数为1.2%~1.5%时,PH3的脱除率接近100%,出口质量浓度低于1.0 mg/m3;碱洗单元可以除去90%的H2S,经过催化氧化单元可以进一步脱除H2S,净化效率接近100%,出口质量浓度低于1.0 mg/m3;催化剂经100~200 h需要再生,400 h后需要活化,再生和活化处理后的催化剂性能良好。     

活性纳米ZnO的制备

用成本低廉的锌焙砂为原料 ,通过直接沉淀法首先合成前驱物碱式碳酸锌 ,然后烘干分解得到活性纳米ZnO粉体。TG -DTA表明前驱物为碱式碳酸锌 ,XRD估测颗粒尺寸为 90nm ,产品气敏度为 17.8。     

管式气体分散式反应器制备纳米碳酸钙

以石灰石为原料，利用管式气体分散式反应器新工艺制备出了粒径30～70nm的碳酸钙粉体。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、粒度分布仪及红外光谱仪（Fr-IR）等测试手段，对产品的物相、形貌和粒度分布进行了表征。X射线衍射表明产物为六方晶系方解石型碳酸钙并且产品结晶性能良好；扫描电镜及粒度分析表明粒度大小均匀、分散性良好；红外光谱表明改性后硬脂酸钠已吸附在碳酸钙表面，碳酸钙颗粒基本呈单分散状态。管式气体分散式反应器制备纳米碳酸钙粉体的优点是工艺简单，操作容易，原料易得，生产的产品粒径小，粒度分布窄，易于工业化生产。     

LDA Measurements on a Turbulent Gas/Liquid/Fibre Suspension

Detailed continuous phase flow measurements (mean and RMS velocities) by Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) of a turbulent gas/fibre/liquid suspension in a rotary shear tester have been performed with simultaneous torque measurements. The model system comprises a refractive‐index matched suspension in the 4‐12% wt. range with gas contents up to 15% vol. The two transition points, found by Andersson and Rasmuson (2000), were detected also with gas present and appear at higher impeller speeds with increasing gas and fibre concentrations. Plotting RMS and mean velocities versus impeller speed and power input, it is found that both decrease with increasing gas and fibre contents.     

煤气化等离子体反应器内的温度

分析了煤热解和煤气化两种等离子体发生器，并且分析了一般的温度计算方法，即通过解由有效能量等于有关热容经验公式建立的关于温度的代数方程，最后在求得温度的方法的基础上，发现上述计算方法不能很好地应用于等离子体发生器中，因此应用局域平衡近似导出恒压过程的Saha方程，计算了不同温度下一些等离子体工作气体的电离度，将根据输入功率结合实验监测的电流数据得到的电离度入Saha方程，由解Saha方程得到了与实测温度一致的数值。     

煤与垃圾衍生燃料的流化床混烧试验研究

使用鼓泡流化床燃烧炉进行了煤与垃圾衍生燃料(RDF)的混烧实验研究,分析了燃烧尾气中O2、CO、CO2、H2O、NOx、CH4、SO2、HCl、HCN浓度的变化,并对各成分之间的浓度进行了相关性分析。研究结果表明在750~900℃的范围内,高温利于SO2的脱除;NO的浓度随床温的提高而增加,NO2的浓度与床温的关系不大;HCl的浓度随床温的升高而增加,说明高温不利于HCl的脱除;在空气量较低的情况下,CO、CH4、N2O、HCN等气体的浓度较高,相关分析表明,这些气体浓度之间有较强的正相关关系,说明这些气体适宜于还原气氛下生成;随着HCl气体浓度的增加,SO2浓度降低,说明HCl的存在可促进石灰石脱除SO2的反应,同时还证实煤与RDF混烧可使尾气中的SO2和HCl气体浓度均有所下降。