The Transferability of Terrestrial Water Balance Components under Uncertainty and Nonstationarity: A Case Study of the Coastal Plain Watershed in the Southeastern USA

The challenges posed by nonstationarity in predicting catchment water balance components motivated this study to test the stationary versus nonstationarity hypothesis and detect changes in the watershed response to land use land cover (LULC) alterations, and climate variability and change. The focus is on a two‐step procedure that includes model calibration of Soil and Water Assessment Tool using a sequential Bayesian uncertainty algorithm (i.e. sequential uncertainty fitting), followed by nonstationary assessment of water balance component using extreme value analysis over an Atlantic coastal plain watershed in the southeastern USA. Analysis suggests that the uncertainty of Soil and Water Assessment Tool model is statistically aligned with LULC alterations that increased the sensitivity of Manning's roughness coefficient, transmission loss and the resistance of the soil matrix to water flow. Changes in LULC along with variability in the magnitude, timing and frequency of precipitation diminished surface runoff and groundwater contribution to the river system whereas it increased evapotranspiration with a substantial decline in water storage capacity. Nonstationary assessment of water balance using extreme value analysis model further revealed a functional form of stationary behaviour (no trends) prior to LULC alteration while large amplification was detected during post‐changes. The results and findings presented in this paper confirm our hypothesis about a combined effect of climate and LULC changes on hydrological functions and that variation of these fingerprints elucidates the presence of nonstationarity in the watershed system. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

极限地形下的滨江人居模式探析——以重庆龙湖春森彼岸为例

充分利用与合理改造自然地形,是山地建筑设计之三昧。该文将对重庆龙湖春森彼岸项目设计进行剖析,解读在山地滨江居住建筑创作中如何因地制宜,尊重文脉,既满足功能流线需求,又能顺应山水之势融于自然景观肌理,创造开放活跃的滨江城市界面,探索有借鉴意义的理想山地人居模式。     

Smarter universities: A vision for the fast changing digital era

In this paper we analyze the current situation of education in universities, with particular reference to the European scenario. Specifically, we observe that recent evolutions, such as pervasive networking and other enabling technologies, have been dramatically changing human life, knowledge acquisition, and the way works are performed and people learn. In this societal change, universities must maintain their leading role. Historically, they set trends primarily in education but now they are called to drive the change in other aspects too, such as management, safety, and environment protection. The availability of newer and newer technology reflects on how the relevant processes should be performed in the current fast changing digital era. This leads to the adoption of a variety of smart solutions in university environments to enhance the quality of life and to improve the performances of both teachers and students. Nevertheless, we argue that being smart is not enough for a modern university. In fact, universities should better become smarter. By “smarter university” we mean a place where knowledge is shared between employees, teachers, students, and all stakeholders in a seamless way. In this paper we propose, and discuss a smarter university model, derived from the one designed for the development of smart cities.     

某沿海地区电厂地基预处理研究

电厂在沿海地区建设具有取排水、燃料运输方便等天然优势，成为电厂厂址选择的趋势。但是海边厂址往往地质情况复杂，存在大量的淤泥，地基预处理工作量大，工期难把握，很难预估其准确的工程量，是电厂建设的重大风险所在。该文针对正在实施的沿海地区电厂地基预处理工作，从实际出发进行理论研究并结合工程的实践进行检验，为相似电厂地基预处理工程提供了借鉴。也希望对广大电力企业在工程总承包中在此类问题的解决上起到抛砖引玉的作用。     

对城市"平湖工程"建设的认识和对策-关于城市"平湖工程"的调查报告

近年来，在城市建设中，为了改善城市居住环境，提高城市的文化品位，城市用河工程出现逐年增多的趋向，同时也出现城市用河与城市防洪之间的新的矛盾。对此本文就我省目前在城市建设中的用河现状，进行了正反两方面的分析，并提出了相应的对策。     

乡村理想与住宅生长

随着经济增长和人口增多，住宅扩建、重建成为小城镇和乡村建设中的重要组成部分。农宅的可生长性是基于社会需求和现实意义的考虑，应成为小臧镇和乡村建设的必备特征。通过分析柯里亚在贝拉布尔低收入者住宅设计中运用的模数生长，以及海南文昌市后稳村住宅区的水平生长两个例子，探讨建立了种竖向生长的乡村住宅形式。     

多探头超声波车流检测器

本文介绍了利用超声波原理研制的“多探头超声波车流检测器”的设计思想、设备的功能、结构和优特点,该检测器可用于检测行驶中机动车的车高、车长、车辆大中小等各种参数。     

Operational Experience with Biological Aerated Filters1

Yorkshire Water has two full-scale biological aerated filters in operation. The first was installed at North Bierley sewage-treatment works for the tertiary nitrification of humus―tank effluent to secure consent compliance and ascertain if anticipated future standards could be achieved. The second was recently commissioned at Hedon sewage-treatment works for secondary treatment, as part of an evaluation of compact plant to meet the requirements of the urban waste water treatment Directive at coastal sites. The plant at North Bierley (near Bradford) is constructed mainly of steel and is designed to achieve an effluent quality of 10 mg/l suspended solids, 10 mg/l BOD, and 5 mg/l ammoniacal nitrogen. The plant at Hedon (near Hull) is constructed of concrete and is designed to achieve a 30 mg/l suspended solids and 25 mg/l BOD standard. Both plants have proved to be capable of meeting their respective effluent requirement. For each works, the paper describes (i) the identification of the problem, (ii) the reasons for selecting the biological aerated filter process, (iii) details of the plant, (iv) operating experiences, and (v) plant performance.     

South West Water's 'Clean Sweep' Programme: Some Engineering and Environmental Aspects

The requirements of environmental legislation demand a massive clean-up of coastal discharges for Devon, Cornwall and West Dorset. South West Water Services Limited have developed a marine improvement programme which (a) is the largest of its type in Europe and (b) seeks to address the requirements of legislation incorporating town planning policies together with the increasing public awareness of environmental issues. The pressures around the region's coastline within the foregoing framework set the challenge of achieving the required understanding of coastal processes, together with the implementation of engineering solutions to meet with society's expectations. These have to be achieved at least cost and provide the most innovative and effective engineering solutions for the efficient implementation and management of such a programme.     

Unusual Marine Pathogens Causing Cellulitis and Bacteremia in Hemodialysis Patients: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Cellulitis in immunocompetent hosts is usually caused by skin organisms and responds to oral antibiotics. In immunocompromised hosts, such as end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, unusual organisms with unpredictable pathogenicity can cause infections. We present two cases with isolates that are usually encountered in coastal waters. The first case describes a 71-year-old African-American ESRD patient who presented with bacteremia secondary to a wound infection after exposure to flood waters in a tropical storm. The second case describes a 70-year-old Caucasian male ESRD patient who developed septic shock after a trivial wound inflicted while on a shrimp boat. Both patients were successfully treated with appropriate antibiotics and supportive measures.
The infective agents in both cases belong to the halophilic Vibrio species. The causative agent of cellulitis and bacteremia in the first hemodialysis patient was identified as Vibrio alginolyticus, a non-lactose-fermenting gram-negative bacillus that is rarely isolated from blood. The second patient presented with septic shock owing to Vibrio vulnificus, which is a lactose-fermenting bacillus known to produce severe localized or systemic illness. In both cases, the common features were ESRD-related immunocompromised state and exposure to marine environments. These two cases of life-threatening cellulitis and bacteremia are presented as examples of environmental pathogens common to a marine environment in coastal areas and the imperative need of rapid identification and prompt initiation of treatment in immunocompromised hosts.