GsRSS3L,a Candidate Gene Underlying Soybean Resistance to Seedcoat Mottling Derived from Wild Soybean (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc)

Soybeans are a major crop that produce the best vegetable oil and protein for use in food and beverage products worldwide. However, one of the most well-known viral infections affecting soybeans is the Soybean Mosaic Virus (SMV), a member of the Potyviridae family. A crucial method for preventing SMV damage is the breeding of resistant soybean cultivars. Adult resistance and resistance of seedcoat mottling are two types of resistance to SMV. Most studies have focused on adult-plant resistance but not on the resistance to seedcoat mottling. In this study, chromosome segment-substituted lines derived from a cross between Suinong14 (cultivated soybean) and ZYD00006 (wild soybean) were used to identify the chromosome region and candidate genes underlying soybean resistance to seed coat mottling. Herein, two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were found on chromosome 17, and eighteen genes were found in the QTL region. RNA-seq was used to evaluate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the eighteen genes located in the QTLs. According to the obtained data, variations were observed in the expression of five genes following SMV infection. Furthermore, Nicotiana benthamiana was subjected to an Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay to investigate the role of the five candidate genes in SMV resistance. It has also been revealed that Glyma.17g238900 encoding a RICE SALT SENSITIVE 3-like protein (RSS3L) can inhibit the multiplication of SMV in N. benthamiana. Moreover, two nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in the coding sequence of Glyma.17g238900 derived from the wild soybean ZYD00006 (GsRSS3L), and the two amino acid mutants may be associated with SMV resistance. Hence, it has been suggested that GsRSS3L confers seedcoat mottling resistance, shedding light on the mechanism of soybean resistance to SMV.     

强脉冲离子束辐照混合陶瓷/NiCoCrAlY热障涂层研究

为提高高温合金的工作温度,一般在其表面涂覆由粘结过渡层和陶瓷隔热层构成的热障层.热障层的热稳定性决定了高温合金部件的寿命.为延长由部分稳定的ZrO2/NiCoCrAIY合金构成的热障层的服役寿命,采用强脉冲离子束对它们的界面进行辐照处理.本工作研究了不同参数的强脉冲离子束(IPIB)对不同厚度结构的靶的辐照混合效应,通过一系列分析测试研究,发现合适参数的IPIB辐照能够有效地在界面形成混合层,从而改善热障层在高温氧化环境中的高温耐久性.其中采用峰值能量300 keV,脉冲宽度65 ns,峰值流强密度250 A/cm2的IPIB单脉冲辐照后的样品获得最好效果.对其原因做了分析,认为在界面处形成特定元素分布的混合层在高温氧化条件下既能形成完整的保护层,又改善了层间晶格和热胀系数失配,减小了失配热应力,从而提高了热障层在高温氧化条件下的稳定性.     

釉面砖表面涂层光催化降解活性大红

以钛酸四正丁酯为前驱体,乙醇为溶剂,釉面砖为载体,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备釉面砖表面涂层材料,从有机染料活性大红BES的pH值,溶液初始浓度,光催化反应时间以及掺杂金属TiO2涂层等方面进行了研究。结果表明,釉面砖表面涂层对活性大红有一定的降解作用,溶液体积30mL,调节其pH值为4,紫外灯照射5h后,降解率可达到60.4%。     

油用牡丹籽种皮多酚的提取及抗氧化和体外发酵特性

采取超声辅助提取油用牡丹籽种皮中的多酚,以多酚提取量为测定指标,通过单因素试验及响应面分析获得最优的工艺条件,进一步测定牡丹籽种皮多酚的抗氧化活性和体外发酵特性。结果表明,超声波提取牡丹籽种皮多酚的最优工艺参数为：乙醇体积分数60%、料液比1:40、超声功率为480 W,提取时间50 min,多酚提取量为83.11 mg GAE/g。牡丹籽种皮多酚的DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除以及FRAP的IC50分别为8.19、5.83、16.46 mg GAE/g,具有良好的抗氧化活性。体外发酵试验证明,牡丹籽壳多酚均可降低正常组和肥胖组中发酵液的pH值,增加短链脂肪酸含量,且对肥胖组的影响更加明显。这表明从油用牡丹籽种皮中分离的多酚具有明显的体外抗氧化活性,有降低肠道体外发酵液pH值,增加短链脂肪酸的功效。     

后处理工艺对超音速电弧喷涂NiCrTi涂层氧化行为的影响北大核心

采用超音速电弧喷涂技术制备了NiCrTi涂层,研究了封孔、表面喷丸+封孔及NiAl面层涂覆+封孔等后处理工艺对涂层高温氧化和水冷热震性能的影响。结果表明,仅涂封孔剂的涂层在700℃氧化过程中生成了疏松多孔的Cr氧化膜,该氧化膜偏厚易剥落;在水冷热震过程中涂层出现严重剥落现象。喷丸+封孔能使NiCrTi涂层内部更加致密,表面更加平整,氧化过程中形成了致密且更薄的Cr氧化膜,涂层抗氧化性和抗热震性能俱佳。采用NiAl面层+封孔后处理时,涂层表面生成了致密的Al氧化膜,对NiCrTi涂层起到较好的抗氧化保护作用,但由于无法消除涂层内孔隙,涂层在水冷热震测试时依然发生了开裂。综合分析来看,喷丸+封孔后处理工艺对NiCrTi涂层高温性能提升最为明显。     

Tailorable shielded compliance of thermal barrier coatings through laser texturing and microstructural modification: microfeature design and validation

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are widely used for protecting components from an aggressive environment and excessive temperatures. However, the top coat can lack thermal compliance and environmental resistance, promoting premature failure. This study provides an approach to design, produce, and evaluate the novel shielded-compliant TBCs to address these challenges. Top coat laser grooving can lower thermal mismatch levels and hinder crack propagation, whereas laser glazing can enhance strength and anti-corrosion performance. Material analysis for the glazed layer revealed large columnar grains alongside a stress-free structure compared to the as-sprayed coating. The digital image correlation (DIC) in-situ heating test showed vertical cracks after glazing already to be effective stress relief features, with the controlled grooves showing the most prominent compliance, as suggested by finite element analysis (FEA). Such a concept may be applied to any coating where increased thermal compliance or environmental protection is needed, making it a highly versatile tool.