基于空间分析的城市火灾风险评估与应用——以西安为例

城市消防是城市中重要的安全保障体系之一,本文从消防重点地区、人口密度、高层建筑分布、大型人流密集的地下空间等风险要素的空间分析入手,探索城市火灾风险评估的方法及其应用,旨在为编制城市消防专项规划、城市消防设施建设和城市消防安全管理提供扎实、科学的依据。     

基于模糊综合评判的装备采购评标方法

针对装备协作配套件采购评标问题,提出将模糊综合评判引入到装备采购的评标中去,建立了基于模糊综合评判的评标模型.以某装备协作配套件采购招标为例,其评标步骤包括:建立评语集、建立权重集、确定各因素隶属函数及进行模糊评判,得出结论.     

电站设备评价认证系统数据库的设计研究

介绍了电站设备评价认证系统数据库设计研究的内容,讨论了数据库设计的过程,重点进行了数据库设计的需求分析。     

几种常用的成败型系统可靠性综合方法之比较

针对成败型复杂系统进行可靠性评估时综合方法易混淆使用造成评估结果错误的问题,提出了确定几种常用综合方法适用条件和范围的分析方法;首先通过对不同综合方法进行理论对比分析,再结合选取典型算例对分析结果进行验证;结果表明:该方法不仅有效地确定了几种常用的成败型串联综合评估方法的使用条件,而且确定了每种方法的优劣,为工程人员参考提供了应用.     

Benefit evaluation for off‐site production in construction

Evaluating to what extent a component or building system should be produced off‐site is inadequate within the industry. The potential benefits of off‐site production (OSP) are commonly cited when justifying an OSP approach, yet holistic and methodical assessments of the applicability and overall benefit of these solutions, to a particular project, have been found to be deficient. Common methods of evaluation simply take material, labour and transportation costs into account when comparing various options, often disregarding other cost‐related items such as site facilities, crane use and rectification of works. These cost factors are usually buried within the nebulous preliminaries figure, with little reference to the building approach taken. Further, softer issues such as health and safety, effects on management and process benefits are either implicit or disregarded within these comparison exercises. Yet it is demonstrated that these issues are some of the most significant benefits of OSP. A series of case studies demonstrated that evaluation focus is almost solely on direct material and labour costs of components, without explicit regard for the wider cost or soft issue implications of OSP on a project. The paper argues that until evaluation is more holistic and value‐based rather than cost‐based, OSP uptake in construction will be slow.     

中心镇的选择与评价——以郴州市嘉禾县为例

以郴州市嘉禾县为对象,在确立乡镇发展目标和影响要素的基础上,运用层次分析法建立了中心镇发展潜力的评价体系,以德尔菲法确定权重,并将该模型运用于郴州市嘉禾县城乡统筹总体规划项目中,以期为该县乃至全国城镇化发展有所裨益。     

基于POE研究的城市公园规划设计——以橘子洲公园为例

国内传统城市公园规划设计多从景观美学以及游憩的角度作为规划与经营的方向,大都以决策者为导向的方式进行,而对于是否符合使用者的需求以及发展的原则并没有太多的着墨。本文以长沙橘子洲公园为例,从景观设计维护、人际关系、休憩设施、厕所满意度、自然生态水池满意度五个方面对公园进行POE研究,并在此基础上提出规划改造策略与建议,为创造生态活力、“以人为本”的城市公园提供依据。     

道路有机硅密封胶的性能评价与技术要求

为了评价道路有机硅密封胶的性能,分析了国内外的各种技术标准,根据路用性能要求,提出了表干时间、固化时间、流平性、流值、弹性(复原)率以及低温拉伸这6个评价指标.分别对4种有机硅密封胶(2种进口材料和2种国产材料)进行试验,试验证实这些材料均为自流平材料,表干时间不超过90 min,固化时间为2～3周,弹性(复原)率均超过90％,90℃流值均为0 mm,-30℃下至少可通过100％拉伸量的3次循环.结果表明:有机硅密封胶是高弹性材料,具有开放交通快、施工方便等优点,且具有优越的高低温性能.另外还根据试验结果提出了相应的技术要求.     

Andalusia,Spain: An Assessment of Coastal Scenery

The 1101 km length of the Andalusian coast (Spain) was assessed for coastal scenery at 45 specific locations. Selected areas covered resort (3), urban (19), village (8), rural (10) and remote (5) bathing areas. Scenery was analyzed for physical and human parameters via 26 selected parameters. These parameters were obtained by interviews of >500 people on European beaches. Each parameter was assessed via a one-to-five-point attribute scale, which essentially ranged from presence/absence or poor quality (1), to excellent/outstanding (5). Results were subsequently weighted by interviewing >600 bathing area users (not all 26 parameters have equal weight) and subjected to fuzzy logic mathematics in order to reduce recorder subjectivity. High weighted averages for attributes 4 and 5 (excellent/outstanding) reflected high scenic quality, vice versa for attributes 1 and 2. Sites were classified into five classes ranging from Class 1 sites having top grade scenery to Class 5, poor scenery. Seven sites each were found in Classes 1 and 2; 10 sites each in Classes 3 and 5; 11 sites in Class 4. The finest coastal scenery was found in remote areas whilst urban areas scored mainly as Class 3 or 4. Three out of the ten rural sites had Class 3 and 4 values assigned them whereas the rest scored as Class 1 and 2; village sites invariably had scores within Class 3 and 4. Of the three resort sites investigated, one scored as a Class 1 site, the others as Class 3.     

结构设计人员处理现场问题能力之我见

本文针对结构设计人员对工程施工过程中出现的工程质量问题（通病、缺陷、事故）不能及时有效地提出处理意见的情况,指出了结构设计人员必须提升综合能力的相关要求。