对中央部门机关政府采购开展绩效评价的几点思考

中央部门机关政府采购绩效评价,应该以党和国家关于缋效管理和政府采购的一系列重要文件为指导,针对政府采购工作全过程,以绩效目标为牵引,以绩效指标和评价标准为重点,以完善的评价组织方法为推动力,贴近实际、注重实效,按照事前、事中、事后三个阶段,客观评定中央部门机关政府采购工作投入产出比,以及工作的效益和效率情况,为政府采购工作的开展提供借鉴.     

模糊综合评价法在长江下游贵池河段水质评价中的应用

对水质评价存在诸多方法,而模糊综合评价法具有评价结果合理、更接近客观实际等优点,因而得到越来越广泛的应用。通过模糊评价方法对长江下游贵池河段2005～2009年间水环境综合评价,并采用加权平均原则求取隶属等级,取得较好的效果。     

An ergonomic comparison of firearm safety mechanisms

As with most machines, the integral safety mechanism on firearms is vital to injury or fatality free operation. Presently, there is little or no standardisation in the design of these mechanisms. In this investigation, five existing designs found on both military and commercial rifles were evaluated ergonomically to determine the most effective characteristics for incorporation into future designs. The designs were evaluated experimentally on ease of use, visual effectiveness and operational impact. Three groups, representing a total of 30 subjects with widely varying experience, were selected. Results strongly suggest that safeties whose actuators are mounted within easy reach of the trigger finger are preferred and have the least operational impact. Subjects also preferred and were more adept at recognising safety status when the indicator was located on the receiver/barrel along the normal line of sight. Subjects more often correctly identified safety status when the indicator utilised colouring, was clearly marked and/or was in the normal line of sight. The results of this research prove that ergonomics can contribute to the understanding of firearm safety dynamics. The two essential components of safety mechanism design identified in this investigation, unambiguous status visibility and impact-free operation, are also likely to have implications in non-firearm safety mechanism design. This is particularly true for devices whose inadvertent operation can cause injury, as well as systems in which operational effectiveness can be jeopardised when attentiveness or operational control are lost in the process of actuating a poorly designed safety mechanism.     

模糊数学综合评判法在菜肴感官评定中的应用——以川菜代表性菜肴鱼香肉丝为例

感官评定是控制烹饪菜品质量的重要途径之一,文章以川菜代表性菜品——鱼香肉丝为评定对象,选取色、香、味、形、质等因素并设置合理的权重,对同一试验小组A、B、C、D、E等5道鱼香肉丝菜肴进行模糊数学综合评定。试验结果表明,用模糊数学综合评判法,能客观而准确地区分出不同烹饪菜肴的差异程度和等级,即5道鱼香肉丝感官评定等级从高到低为：C〉D〉E〉A〉B。     

Biases in quantitative judgements

This article illustrates the biases that can occur in making quantitative judgements. The mechanisms that produce the biases are described. Ways are suggested to avoid some of the biase, but it is not possible to avoid them all.     

基于嵌入式系统开发平台的设计与实现

本文首先介绍了EVB2107评估板、评估板的系统开发工具和集成开发环境,然后对扩展板上各模块都从原理入手结合该模块要实现的功能说明其设计思想和实现原理,并就各模块驱动程序的编程思想及流程进行了论述。     

建设工程招标代理过程中应注意的一些问题

结合目前我国招投标的实际情况提出招标代理过程中出现的一些问题及改进措施。     

伦理视野中的经济制度与经济行为

任何一种经济制度或经济行为都要为社会成员提供尽可能多的利益需要,因为社会经济制度和经济行为的根本道德性原则或第一原则就是最大限度地满足社会成员的利益需要.从伦理学的视野来审视现阶段经济制度和经济行为有着重要的理论意义和现实意义.具体的经济行为有着道德的内涵,对它进行道德的评价和判断,有利于规范经济的运行秩序,促进社会主义市场经济的建设.     

Close Shadowing Natural Versus Synthetic Speech

Close shadowing experiments involving natural and synthetic stimuli are described. Preliminary results show that speakers are able to follow natural stimuli with an average delay of 70 ms whereas this delay typically exceeds 100 ms for stimuli produced by text-to-speech systems. A complementary experiment shows that this contrast is mainly due to the inappropriate or impoverished prosody generated by actual text-to-speech systems.     

Prosody Evaluation as a Diagnostic Process: Subjective vs. Objective Measurements

A set of perception experiments, using reiterant and lexicalised speech, was designed to perform a diagnostic of the relative implication of prosody in the segmentation and hierarchisation of speech. Both natural and synthetic intonation were evaluated. Then, two distance measures—correlation and root-mean-square distance on the acoustic parameters (F0, syllabic duration and intensity)—were applied to match the perception results. This objective vs. subjective comparison underlines which acoustic cues are used by listeners to judge the adequacy of prosody in performing a given function such as demarcation. Results can be summarized by a scale of the perceptual distance between two demarcation functions. This study also points out the ability of listeners to retrieve pertinent information on the basis of pure prosodic stimuli.