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91.
阳离子化多元醇防塌剂的研制 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
室内研究和现场应用表明,聚乙烯醇类防塌剂表现出较明显的增粘负效应,可引起钻井液粘度的急剧增加,严重影响其推广应用.通过金属盐催化降解和阳离子化反应,研制出了抑制性好且增粘负效应低的阳离子化改性多元醇防塌剂.考察了阳离子化试剂、反应温度、反应时间对取代度、反应效率和产品主要性能的影响,得出了阳离子化多元醇防塌剂最佳制备条件,即:PVA与阳离子化试剂物质的量比为1:1,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为4 h,阳离子度可达0.435. 相似文献
92.
《Drying Technology》2007,25(6):971-983
This article reviews developments in the simulations of spray dryer behavior, including the challenges in modeling the complex flow patterns inside the equipment, which are often highly transient and three-dimensional in nature. There appears to be considerable scope for using CFD simulations for investigating methods to reduce the rates of wall deposition and of thermal degradation for particles by modifying the air flow patterns in the chamber through small changes in the air inlet geometry. Challenges include building particle drying kinetics and reaction processes, as well as agglomeration behavior, into these simulations. The numerical simulations should be valuable supplements to pilot-scale testing, enabling more extensive and accurate optimization to be carried out than hitherto possible. New understanding of reaction processes and materials science, in combination with recent knowledge of the application of CFD to these problems, may enable new engineered powder products to be developed from the one-step spray-drying process. 相似文献
93.
94.
根据中原油田地层高温、高盐、易塌、易漏失及水平井的特点,优选了适用于水平井的强抑制强封堵聚合物钻井液体系,并进行了现场应用.室内实验结果表明,优选的强抑制强封堵聚合物钻井液具有良好的井眼净化、摩阻控制、井壁稳定及油层保护等性能.现场应用时能满足钻井、录井、测井的需要,钻井施工顺利,取得了良好的经济和社会效益. 相似文献
95.
96.
Wei Hui 《Frontiers of Computer Science in China》2007,1(3):361-372
Almost all applications of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) depend mainly on their memory ability. The characteristics of
typical ANN models are fixed connections, with evolved weights, globalized representations, and globalized optimizations,
all based on a mathematical approach. This makes those models to be deficient in robustness, efficiency of learning, capacity,
anti-jamming between training sets, and correlativity of samples, etc. In this paper, we attempt to address these problems
by adopting the characteristics of biological neurons in morphology and signal processing. A hierarchical neural network was
designed and realized to implement structure learning and representations based on connected structures. The basic characteristics
of this model are localized and random connections, field limitations of neuron fan-in and fan-out, dynamic behavior of neurons,
and samples represented through different sub-circuits of neurons specialized into different response patterns. At the end
of this paper, some important aspects of error correction, capacity, learning efficiency, and soundness of structural representation
are analyzed theoretically. This paper has demonstrated the feasibility and advantages of structure learning and representation.
This model can serve as a fundamental element of cognitive systems such as perception and associative memory. 相似文献
97.
D. L. Cotrell A. J. Kearsley 《Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology》2007,112(3):153-161
In this work, optimal shaft shapes for flow in the annular space between a rotating shaft with axially-periodic radius and a fixed coaxial outer circular cylinder, are investigated. Axisymmetric steady flows in this geometry are determined by solving the full Navier-Stokes equations in the actual domain. A measure of the flow field, a weighted convex combination of the volume averaged square of the L2-norm of the velocity and vorticity vectors, is employed. It has been demonstrated that boundary shape can be used to influence the characteristics of the flow field, such as its velocity component distribution, kinetic energy, or even vorticity. This ability to influence flow fields through boundary shape may be employed to improve microfluidic mixing or, possibly, to minimize shear in biological applications. 相似文献
98.
A Stronger Complexity Result for the Single Machine Multi-Operation Jobs Scheduling Problem to Minimize the Number of Tardy Jobs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We consider the single machine multi-operation jobs scheduling problem to minimize the number of tardy jobs. Each job consists of several operations that belong to different families. In a schedule, each family of job operations may be processed in batches with each batch incurring a setup time. A job completes when all of its operations have been processed. The objective is to minimize the number of tardy jobs. In the literature, this problem has been proved to be strongly NP-hard for arbitrary due-dates. We show in this paper that the problem remains strongly NP-hard even when the due-dates are common and all jobs have the same processing time. 相似文献
99.
巴彦浩特探区钻井液技术初探 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
巴彦浩特探区钻井液工艺技术的重点是,解决疏松砂砾岩地层水涌漏同层、侏罗系地层水的HCO3^-污染及可能出现的火成岩地层井塌复杂。结合内蒙古巴彦浩特探区地层和井身结构特点,采用了两性聚合物/氯化钾钻井液和氯化钾/石膏-聚磺钻井液体系。该体系抑制能力强,性能稳定.容易实现低固相、低密度近平衡钻井,保护储层效果好。对复杂情况采取了有针对性的处理办法:平稳操作和合理的钻井工程措施是预防水层涌漏同层和火成岩井塌复杂的重要手段;用井场易得的固井水泥或石膏配合烧碱处理HCO3^-污染简便易行;处理火成岩井塌复杂,控制合适的钻井液性能是必要的。 相似文献
100.
Intact and ovariectomized oxytocin (OT)-deficient (OT-/-) and wild-type (OT+/+) mice were tested for consumption of 0.5 M NaCl solution or tap water in a 2-bottle choice test. During 3 days of acclimation, voluntary ingestion of NaCl was equal between genotypes. After overnight fluid deprivation, intact OT-/- mice ingested 2 times more NaCl solution than OT+/+ mice in the 6th hr, but not the 1 st hr, after reintroduction of fluid. Ovariectomized mice consumed less than intact mice after overnight fluid deprivation. When a 0.2 M NaCl solution was administered for 6 days in ovariectomized mice, OT-/- mice voluntarily consumed greater amounts than OT+/+ mice. After overnight fluid deprivation, consumption by OT-/- mice was 3 times that of OT+/+ mice at 1 hr and 2-fold greater after 6 hr. Enhanced intake of NaCl-containing solutions in female OT-/- mice suggests that central OT may be an important inhibitor of sodium consumption. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献