Determination of a suitable index for a solvent via two-column extractive distillation using a heuristic method

The traditional approach to solvent selection in the extractive distillation process strictly focuses on the change in the relative volatility of light-heavy components induced by the solvent. However, the total annual cost of the process may not be minimal when the solvent induces the largest change in relative volatility. This work presents a heuristic method for selecting the optimal solvent to minimize the total annual cost. The functional relationship between the relative volatility and the total annual cost is established, where the main factors, such as the relative volatility of the light-heavy components and the relative volatility of the heavy-component solvent, are taken into account. Binary azeotropic mixtures of methanol-toluene and methanol-acetone are separated to verify the feasibility of the model. The results show that using the solvent with the minimal two-column extractive distillation index, the process achieves a minimal total annual cost. The method is conducive for sustainable advancements in chemistry and engineering because a suitable solvent can be selected without simulation verification.     

电厂管理按要素划分区域精准成本控制

为了降低发电企业运行成本,本文提出按生产要素划分为水、煤、电三个区域,精准分析造成煤耗、电耗、水耗高的原因,对可控成本的关键指标采取针对性措施,实现了电厂降低生产成本、节能降耗的目标。     

企业全面预算管理与成本管理实务探究 ——以XY化学工业有限公司为例

企业管理过程中,全面预算管理与成本管理相互促进、相辅相成。针对成本管理及全面预算管理的现状及存在的问题,以陕西某化学工业有限公司(XY公司)为案例,开展了优化成本管理及全面预算管理的对策探讨。首先介绍了全面预算管理和成本管理的基本理论及两者的关系,并针对公司现状及存在的问题,提出了优化全面预算管理和成本管控的思路和措施。通过两种管理相结合的方式,形成科学、健全的管理模式,使企业在市场竞争中获得有利地位,实现企业发展的良性循环。     

存在视觉盲区的小型无人机群自主控制

小型无人机自身负载小,所能携带的通信设备比较有限,可以安装鱼眼镜头作为相互之间的视觉通信设备以扩大无人机的可视范围,但鱼眼镜头仍然存在视觉盲区.为了解决这一问题,论文提出了存在视觉盲区的小型无人机群自主控制算法.论文的主要思想是,首先,对无人机的飞行时的运动状态进行分析,进而建立其飞行时的运动学方程;其次,针对无人机飞...     

火电厂烟气脱硫装置最优运行工况的探讨和实践

针对目前我国火电厂烟气脱硫装置存在运行工况设定不合理的情况,提出了脱单位质量SO2相对生产成本(K)的概念,并以K值最低作为烟气脱硫装置最优运行工况的依据。介绍了火电厂烟气脱硫装置优化运行的实例,实践表明按照K值最低运行脱硫装置,可以实现在较佳脱硫效果的同时,脱SO2成本最低,达到了脱硫装置经济效益和环境效益的良好平衡。     

居民消费增速长期慢于GDP增速的原因探析

我国二十多年的经济改革取得了举世瞩目的成绩。在改革的前几年,不仅经济有了大幅增长(以GDP增长速度考察),而且人民生活水平也有了显著提高。但进入90年代后,虽然经济增长势头依然强劲,但人民生活水平(以居民消费增长速度为准)却未像改革初期那样紧随GDP的增长,而是长期慢于GDP的增长。对此,从经济增长目标的异化和制度耗费两方面对该现象进行经济解析。     

波分交叉连接结构的一种简单评估方法

提出了一种评估各种波分交叉连接（WXC）结构的简单分析方法,定性讨论了几种常用WXC结构在阻塞、模块性、广播发送能力和扩展能力的特性。利用线性方程组建立数学模型,并对几种常见WXC方案做出了定量分析插入损耗、硬件成本和灵活性的比较结果。对比几种实现方案得出,基于解复用／空间光开关矩阵／复用的WXC结构（DSM）具有最小的传输损耗,且其成本和灵活性均表现较好。     

Modeling,optimization, and cost analysis of an IGCC plant with a membrane reactor for carbon capture

This article presents a theoretical study on the integration of a membrane reactor (MR) for carbon capture into an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) plant. First‐principles, simplified systems‐level models for the individual IGCC units and the MR are introduced for their subsequent plantwide integration. The integrated plant model is then used for simulation studies that assume different MR characteristics. Using this model, an optimization problem is formulated to analyze the MR effects when adding it to the IGCC plant, while satisfying all of the process constraints in streams and performance variables. The solution of this optimization problem indicates improvements in the original case studies, including capital cost savings as high as $18 million for the optimal case under nominal process conditions. To determine the cost implications of inserting the MR into the IGCC plant, a differential cost analysis is performed taking into account major plant capital and operating costs. This analysis considers the same amount of coal and power generation for cases with and without the MR. The results of this analysis based on a present value of annuity calculation show break even costs for the MR within the feasible range for membrane fabrication, even for short membrane lifetimes. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1568–1580, 2016     

国内离子膜法与隔膜法制烧碱成本对比分析

分析了离子膜法和隔膜法制烧碱的成本,介绍了两种方法制烧碱的成本组成。     

基于虚拟仪器的机械密封试验装置构建

针对目前测试、测量和自动化领域的现状与未来发展趋势,结合虚拟仪器技术实现了机械密封试验装置的构建。本文归纳总结了基于虚拟仪器试验装置构建的一般方法,按照试验装置构建的逻辑次序阐述了试验装置搭建过程中的前期计算及总体方案选择、主体部分搭建、辅助系统搭建、电气系统设计、测控系统集成等一系列工作的具体过程,重点对试验装置的测控系统进行了详细介绍。