降低成品油二次物流运输成本的思考

介绍了传统成品油进货和管理模式存在的诸如成品油物流以行政区划、中问环节多、信息化程度不高、运输路线未优化造成物流成本提高等问题。提出要降低成品油二次物流运输成本，当务之急是加强成品油物流的信息化建设；调整管理模式，打破行政区域界限，开展经济辐射半径内的库站物流配送；引进竞争机制，打破运输垄断，一、二次物流结合，大、小车型搭配，提高运营效率；做好运杂费全面预算、核算及运行费用的过程控制。     

基于Vague集的鱼雷研制阶段年度投资分配模型

鱼雷的研制费用在鱼雷整个寿命周期费用中所占比系不大，但研制阶段决定了鱼雷寿命周期费用的绝大部分，闪此对鱼雷研制费用的研究可供鱼雷武器管理和决策者作经费计划综合平衡时参考。文章基于Vague集，提出了Vague集模糊熵的构造方法，进而提出了运用Vague集模糊熵进行鱼雷研制阶段年度投资强度分配的新模型。实例表明，该方法具有实用价值。     

Power sector development in India with CO2 emission targets: Effects of regional grid integration and the role of clean technologies

The power sector in India at present comprises of five separate regional electricity grids having practically no integrated operation in between them. This study analyses the utility planning, environmental and economical effects of integrated power sector development at the national level in which the regional electric grids are developed and operated as one integrated system. It also examines the effects of selected CO₂ emission reduction targets in the power sector and the role of renewable power generation technologies in India. The study shows that the integrated development and operation of the power system at the national level would reduce the total cost including fuel cost by 4912 million $, total capacity addition by 2784 MW, while the emission of CO₂, SO₂ and NO_x would be reduced by 231.6 (1.9%), 0.8 (0.9%), 0.4 (1.2%) million tons, respectively, during the planning horizon. Furthermore, the study shows that the expected unserved energy, one of the indices of generation system reliability, would decrease to 26 GWh under integrated national power system from 5158 GWh. As different levels of CO₂ emission reduction targets were imposed, there is a switching of generation from conventional coal plants to gas fired plants, clean coal technologies and nuclear based plants. As a result the capacity expansion cost has increased. It was found that wind power plant is most attractive and economical in the Indian perspective among the renewable options considered (Solar, wind and biomass). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An exploration of the problems of using function points mark II

Abstract. This paper examines critically the function point analysis mark II (FPA mark II) method of measuring the functionality of information systems. Although the focus of the paper is on FPA mark II as devised by Symons, both this and the Albrecht method, from which the FPA mark II was developed, are briefly discussed. The published attempts to validate FPA mark II are reviewed and then the problems encountered by the author in applying the approach are described. The final part of the paper is concerned with the fit between SSADM and FPA mark II.     

传媒产品生产的外在性

因为价格机制不能正常运行和不能正常发挥作用,或者因为社会经济活动的相关性,传媒产品的生产出现外在性现象,社会成本问题不可避免.选择合适的产权制度安排,不仅能够消除传媒产品生产的外在性,而且有利于传媒资源的有效利用和传媒经济的不断发展.     

炼钢厂成本分析信息系统的开发设计

文章介绍了包钢炼钢厂生产管理信息系统中成本分析子系统的可行性分析以及具体的数据归集流程,详细介绍了该系统的开发环境以及该系统的模块和数据库的结构、功能及其具体的设计思想;简要介绍了Oraele Develop数据库开发应用的一些特点.     

企业开展质量成本研究工作的思考

质量成本是指企业为保证产品质量而支出的一切费用，以及产品质量未达到规定的标准而造成的一切损失的总和。开展质量成本研究工作是企业深化质量管理和成本管理的一条有效途径。     

转炉合金最小成本控制模型

介绍了基于合金最小成本的转炉炼钢钢水成分调整模型工应用于宝钢炼钢在线生产控制的情况。模型给出了在满足目标成分等工艺要求下，成本最小的合金投入组合及合金投入量；计算了合金加入钢包后引起钢水温度、重量等的变化，为降低生产成本（合金投入），提高出钢成分控制精度提供了有效的途径。     

“一二三”工段成本管理法在实践中的运用

本文从当前工段成本管理的形势出发 ,阐述了实施“一二三”工段成本管理法的必要性、主要内容及实施效果。     

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Residential Energy-Efficiency Upgrades in Phoenix, Arizona

With worldwide energy consumption rising, there is a need to reduce energy use of the housing stock. While this general idea is well-known, there is an overwhelming amount of product data and manufacturers claims through which the homebuilder or designer must sort to make informed selections of energy-efficient upgrades. The main objective of this research was to identify cost effective–energy efficient upgrades from a group of 16 commonly available choices, and rank them according to the most beneficial for the least cost. This study was conducted in Phoenix, Arizona, and included a sample of 30 production-style homes typical of the Phoenix metropolitan area. Energy-simulation software was used to perform energy evaluations and derive the benefits of each upgrade. The cost of each upgrade was obtained from a database of national average costs and from a local context. Differences in the selection of beneficial upgrades vary dramatically with the source of the cost information. This research provides a generic methodology that can be used by builders and designers to select appropriate energy-efficient upgrades for a given geographic area that will provide high operating benefits relative to the amount of capital investment.