可控偏心器旋转导向钻井工具研制与现场试验

研制的可控偏心器旋转导向钻井工具主要由驱动轴,导向机构、定位总成、测控单元、轴承支撑系统等部分组成。该工具通过偏心执行机构——导向机构来实现井眼轨迹的控制。导向机构由3个互成120°角的翼肋及液缸组成,3个翼肋的伸出量在钻具的相应位置形成1个偏心位移矢量,使可控偏心器偏离井眼中心线,形成1个等效弯接头,通过调整3个翼肋的偏心位移矢量,可形成不同的工具面角和弯接头弯角。现场试验证明,该工具的工作原理可行,满足旋转导向钻井井眼轨迹的控制要求。     

油气田产量预测的新模型

基于累积产量随时间递增的信息特征及对以往产量预测模型的研究，建立了一种预测油气田产量、累积产量和可采储量的新模型。该模型可以对油气田开发全过程的开发指标进行拟合与预测，并可简化为Logistic模型和胡一陈模型。用前苏联巴夫雷油田和北斯塔夫罗波尔一佩拉基阿金气田的实际数据验证的结果表明，该模型预测精度较高。表2参10     

一种两相启动压力曲线的建立方法

为探讨两相流体渗流时的启动压力变化规律，对天然岩心进行水驱油和气驱油实验，计算出各自的相对渗透率，然后按单相启动压力梯度公式推算出相对启动压力梯度，绘制油水、油气相渗曲线。研究结果表明，在两相启动压力曲线上，各相的启动压力梯度与驱替相的饱和度之间均呈指数变化规律；气驱、水驱后期指数变化规律遭到破坏，是驱替后期驱油效率急剧变小的主要原因。图1表2参11     

三层足尺分层装配支撑钢框架结构的振动台试验研究

为探究分层装配支撑钢框架体系在真实地震动力作用下的响应与性能,以某3层足尺房屋钢框架结构为研究对象,输入不同水准下的3条地震波进行振动台试验,分析了结构动力分步损伤行为、主（余）震层间变形、残余位移响应及其柔性支撑的可修复性。研究结果表明,结构满足我国规范对于抗震安全性的要求。在罕遇地震作用下,结构损伤集中于柔性支撑而主框架基本保持弹性,表现出损伤控制的特征,且震后基本无残余位移。未对支撑进行修复的结构在余震作用下的位移响应有所放大,但对支撑进行简易修复之后,结构抗震性能基本完全恢复。在超大地震作用下,主框架作为第二道抗震防线发展局部塑性变形,但震后残余位移仍然很小。柔性支撑初始是否张紧对结构初始刚度和层间位移分布有较大影响。支撑在动力作用下的突然张紧对结构产生了冲击效应,而支撑的延性可有效缓解此效应的影响。研究总体表明分层装配支撑钢框架体系应用于低多层建筑时具有优良的抗震性能与震后可恢复性。     

Optimizing parameters of tuned mass damper subjected to critical earthquake

Tuned mass damper (TMD) has been proposed as one of the vibration control methods for rehabilitation of buildings. Because the parameters of TMD can significantly affect the seismic performance of structures, many researches focused on finding the optimum parameters. Because earthquakes are random phenomena and future earthquakes in comparison with past earthquakes may be more destructive, the optimum design of TMD subjected to selected earthquakes can be nonconservative. Hence, the main contribution of this paper is to present the optimal design of TMD for the seismic vibration control of a structure subjected to a critical earthquake that produces the most severe response of a structure. In order to achieve this purpose, the parameters of TMD are optimized through minimizing the maximum displacement of the roof. First, three optimization methods are used to obtain the optimal parameters of TMD for a 10‐story shear building subjected to the critical earthquakes. Finally, the responses of the controlled and uncontrolled buildings such as the roof displacement, strokes, transfer function, and different forms of energy are compared. Results show that the optimum designs of TMD not only effectively reduce the roof displacement but also improve the seismic performance of the building.     

Seismic design requirements for reinforced concrete piers considering aftershock-induced seismic hazard

The main purpose of this study is to develop an estimation procedure of seismic design level setting for reinforced concrete (RC) piers considering aftershock-induced seismic hazards. This work develops an assessment method of the seismic hazards induced by aftershocks and takes an example of the Chi–Chi Earthquake in Taiwan. The number of aftershocks is assumed to follow the modified Gutenberg–Richter law with lower and upper bounds when analysing the cumulative density function of the magnitude of the aftershock within a specified post-mainshock period for the earthquake. Additionally, this work considers the spatial uncertainty in the hypocentres of aftershocks to assess the aftershock-induced seismic hazards. Fragility curves and residual factors of damaged RC piers are used in the transition probability matrix of Markov Chain model for considering the cumulative damage induced by aftershocks by incorporating uncertainty into aftershock events, as well as into structural capacity and residual factors corresponding to a specified damage state, the exceedance probabilities for various damage states can be estimated using Markov Chain model and Monte Carlo Simulation. Finally, in the case study, the proposed procedure is used to determine the important factor in the preliminary seismic design of typical RC piers for the Chi–Chi Earthquake in Taiwan.     

Cu/Al复合材料的制备及其对RDX热分解性能的影响

为了改善铝粉的表面氧化,提高其对含能材料热分解的催化作用,以电爆炸铝粉和二水合氯化铜(CuCl_2·2H_2O)为原料,利用置换反应法,实现了纳米铜粒子在铝粉表面的快速沉积,制备了包覆均匀的Cu/Al复合材料。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X?射线粉末衍射(XRD)、电子能谱(EDS)等对其结构和形貌进行了表征。在不同的升温速率下测试了Cu/Al复合材料与黑索今(RDX)(质量比1∶5)混合物的DSC曲线。计算了该混合物热分解反应的动力学参数。结果表明,电爆炸铝粉表面的氧化层通过氟化铵的刻蚀作用被剥离,复合材料含有单质铝和单质铜晶相,无氧化铜及氧化铝晶相,纳米级铜颗粒均匀包覆在铝粉表面,复合材料粒径为200～500 nm。加入Cu/Al复合材料后,RDX的初始分解温度和分解峰温分别降低8.51℃和26.43℃,分解热提高296 J·g~(-1),热分解活化能降低19.19 kJ·mol~(-1),表明Cu/Al复合材料可促进RDX的热分解行为。     

Damage detection in beam-like structures using static shear energy redistribution

In this study, a static shear energy algorithm is presented for the damage assessment of beam-like structures. According to the energy release principle, the strain energy of a damaged element suddenly changes when structural damage occurs. Therefore, the change in the static shear energy is employed to determine the damage locations in beam-like structures. The static shear energy is derived from the spectral factorization of the elementary stiffness matrix and structural deflection variation. The advantage of using shear energy as opposed to total energy is that only a few deflection data points of the beam structure are required during the process of damage identification. Another advantage of the proposed approach is that damage detection can be performed without establishing a structural finite-element model in advance. The proposed technique is first validated using a numerical example with single, multiple, and adjacent damage scenarios. A channel steel beam and rectangular concrete beam are employed as experimental cases to further verify the proposed approach. The results of the simulation and experiment examples indicate that the proposed algorithm provides a simple and effective method for defect localization in beam-like structures.     

玻璃钢纤维复合材料横担高周疲劳性能

针对由风致振动引起的输电塔复合材料横担疲劳问题,对6个新型足尺带钢套管的玻璃钢纤维(GFRP)复合材料横担试件进行了高周(50万次)疲劳性能试验研究,监测了试件的受力状态,分析了其荷载-位移-时间曲线和耗能能力的变化.对未发生明显疲劳破坏的试件进行极限承载力试验,得到其剩余极限承载力.基于剩余强度理论评价了试件的累积损伤并对其疲劳寿命进行预测.结果表明:GFRP复合材料横担试件具备良好的抗疲劳性能,最不利荷载工况下的平均疲劳寿命可达550万次,安全裕度较高.     

甘肃省红层泥岩地区公路路基沉降观测方案研究

甘肃红层因其沉积时特殊的地质环境和气候条件,形成了其成岩差、水敏感性强和易受后生改造的特性,在有水参与的情况下,易造成路基沉陷、边坡崩塌、剥落等病害。本文结合路基无损检测技术和智能竖向位移变形观测系统,提出红层泥岩地区公路路基沉降观测方案。