旋流除砂器对高含砂地表水处理效果的仿真模拟

针对长江重庆段水体在夏季细砂含量高、不易直接作为热泵水源的问题,设计了旋流除砂器,并应用数值模拟方法,就所设计的旋流除砂器的入口速度、入口砂粒浓度和密度对各粒径砂粒分离效率的影响进行研究,以期得出旋流除砂器的最佳操作参数.研究结果表明,随着入口速度、入口砂粒密度的增大,各粒径砂粒的分离效率均有不同程度的提高;而随着入口砂粒浓度的增加,小粒径砂粒的分离效率降低,较大粒径砂粒的分离效率先降低后逐渐增大.     

高强箍筋约束高强混凝土轴心受压应力-应变全曲线研究

为研究高强箍筋约束高强混凝土的受压力学性能,进行了高强箍筋约束高强混凝土棱柱体试件的轴心受压试验,分析了配箍率、箍筋屈服强度和箍筋形式对约束高强混凝土应力-应变曲线的影响。结果表明：高强箍筋在约束混凝达到其峰值应力时并未屈服,根据其受力机理提出了有效侧向应力和相应的高强箍筋应力的计算方法;高强箍筋可在约束混凝土应力-应变曲线下降段提供更有效的侧向约束,曲线下降较为平缓。在试验研究和理论分析的基础上,提出了约束高强混凝土的强度和变形的计算式,建议了高强箍筋约束高强混凝土的应力-应变全曲线方程,理论曲线与实测曲线吻合较好。     

Assessing filter robustness at drinking water treatment plants

This investigation explores the use of five‐parameter logistic curve fitting in quantifying turbidity robustness and risk scoring in clarification and filtrations stages of several surface water treatment works in the Anglian Water region of the United Kingdom. The approach taken reviews different scoring systems and addresses issues of weighting, averages and variability in robustness performance using turbidity robustness indices (TRIs). It also proposes an area‐based risk scoring profile to assess performance [relative area profile for T₉₀ (RAP₉₀)]. The metrics produced are considered to be a logical and rational way to help prioritise where resources for water treatment operation should be deployed.     

数据探测法在工程测量中的应用

因工程测量中的测量数据经常存在粗差,对后续计算造成很严重的影响,故本文讨论数据探测法在水准网平差、曲线拟合等计算中的应用。首先介绍数据探测法的原理和计算步骤,然后阐述几种测量数据处理的方法,最后利用实际数据进行验证。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地发现并剔除粗差,可广泛应用于工程测量的数据处理中。     

Surface runoff estimation over heterogeneous foothills of Aravalli mountain using medium resolution remote sensing rainfall data with soil conservation system‐curve number method: A case of semi‐arid ungauged Manesar Nala watershed

Manesar Nala watershed, having an aerial extent of 71.53 km², was subjected to modelling of its hydrological behaviour for assessing its water resource potential. Modern tools and techniques of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) were used for assessment of runoff generating potential using the Hydrologic Soil Cover Complex (HSCC) Method [U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)‐Soil Conservation System‐Curve Number (SCS‐CN) approach]. RS and GIS were used in generation and integration of thematic maps [such as Land use/Land cover (using LISS‐III data) and Hydrologic Soil Group (HSG), (using soil map of study area) to derive the Curve Number (CN) for simulating Runoff (R_o)]. The daily rainfall (P) data for the study period 2002–2015 were acquired from NOAA Climate Prediction Center (NCPC). Corresponding R_o from the watershed for intense storm events for 14 years were calculated through RS and GIS. GIS and SCS‐CN model was employed for modelling the runoff production to study its hydrological behaviour. The study showed that the Manesar Nala watershed was having a composite Curve Number – II (CN_II) value of 82.5 for normal conditions. For dry and wet conditions these values were estimated at 66.44 (CN_I) and 91.56 (CN_III), respectively. This investigation showed that Manesar Nala watershed exhibited an annual average (of 14 years, 2002–2015) R_o volume of 4 542 514.37 m³ based on the average annual rainfall (P) of 0.72 m (720 mm). The average annual surface runoff (R_o) was predicted to be approximately 0.21 m with annual runoff coefficient (C_R) of 0.29. During the study, we also found a strong correlation ‘r’ between satellite driven P and R_o from NRCS‐CN method of the order of 0.94. The methodology so developed has the potential to be used in other similar ungauged watersheds in the same agro‐climatic conditions for the purpose of planning of watershed conservation measures and other developmental activities.     

宏观事故总量发展趋势的规律探索及模型研究

为研究现代技术管理条件下宏观事故总量发展趋势的规律,选取企业、行业及国家层面的典型宏观事故统计量随时间的变化关系为研究对象,以数学建模的分析模式对比其中规律,并借助马尔萨斯人口学指数规律模型对机理进行描述和解释.结论表明:在一定时间区域内,国家、行业及企业各层面宏观事故总量y的发展随时间x呈指数递减趋势,其回归函数通式可用y=ae^rx表示,且各回归曲线的判定系数R²值证实指数规律相关关系显著.宏观事故总量的发展趋势可能呈现出分段现象,各段存在明显边界的同时,各自仍保持稳定的指数递减规律变化.利用这一规律,通过确定某一宏观事故总量发展趋势的回归函数的方法,可对未来一段时间内的该宏观事故总量值进行预测.     

椭圆曲线密码技术在安全电子邮件中的应用

为了解决电子邮件在网络传输中的安全问题,防止邮件机密信息被他人截取,文章在充分研究了椭圆曲线加密技术和安全电子邮件的前提下,设计并实现了基于椭圆曲线加密技术的安全电子邮件系统。实验证明该系统相对于一般的电子邮件系统,安全性大大提高,有效地解决了邮件传输过程中的泄密问题。     

论煤矿道路曲线地段的养护

为了保障煤矿道路曲线地段的正常运输问题,要注重曲线地段的养护问题。通过分析煤矿道路曲线地段的危害,探讨煤矿道路曲线地段养护的可行性方法,确保煤矿开采时行车的安全性。     

采场弯曲下沉带内部巷道变形与岩层移动规律研究

利用岩层弯曲下沉带内的一条巷道，通过设点观测下沉值，量测巷道两帮及顶底移近量，结合采面推进速度及矿压观测资料，以及FLAC^3D的计算机数值模拟计算，研究了岩层弯曲下沉带内部巷道的变形和岩层移动规律，丰富了上覆岩层移动的佐证，在新集矿区获得了岩层内部的移动参数，为巷道煤柱的留设提供了直接依据，为反程序开采中合理错开上下层的布面时间提供了依据。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取葡萄籽油工艺优化

为了回收利用葡萄酒酿造过程产生的副产品中的有效成分,本文利用超临界CO₂萃取技术从葡萄籽中提取含有不饱和脂肪酸的葡萄籽油,意在考量超临界CO₂技术在萃取葡萄籽油方面的作用。设计单因素实验,研究了萃取压力、萃取温度、CO₂流量以及停留时间对葡萄籽油萃取率的影响。单因素实验结果表明萃取压力对萃取结果的影响最为显著。萃取温度和CO₂流量对萃取率的影响都存在最佳值,当温度和流量超过最佳值,萃取率开始降低。在单因素实验的基础上进行响应面实验,采用中心复合设计进行实验方案设计以优化萃取葡萄籽油工艺。对响应面实验结果进行方差分析,建立多元回归模型,模型P值<0.0001,预测超临界CO₂萃取葡萄籽油的最佳萃取条件为：萃取压力28MPa、萃取温度321 K、CO₂流量15.5L/h,停留时间155min,萃取率达到14.12%。