ZnO／ZnAl2O4异质结光催化剂的光催化降解和杀灭大肠杆菌性能

通过共沉淀法制备ZnO/ZnAl2O4纳米异质结光催化剂,利用HRTEM、TEM、XRD、BET、TG-DTA和UV-Vis DRS 测试方法对样品进行表征。在模拟太阳光照射下,通过测定甲基橙溶液的光催化降解率和对大肠杆菌的杀灭率来评价样品的光催化活性。研究催化剂的组成、焙烧温度、催化剂的用量和不同光源对样品光催化活性的影响。结果表明,当原料中Zn与Al摩尔比为1：1.5时,在600℃焙烧所得的催化剂具有最佳光催化活性。在模拟太阳光照射下,在50 min内1.0 g/L光催化剂对甲基橙的降解率达98.5%;在60 min内,在相同条件下对大肠杆菌（106 CFU/mL）的杀菌率达到99.8%。     

Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities of Ag/ZnO Nanocomposities Fabricated by Co-Precipitation Method

A Ag/ZnO nanocomposite has been synthesized and characterized for investigating its photocatalytic activity.The morphology and particle size of the Ag/ZnO was studied by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and the microstructure of the as-synthesized nanocomposite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis.The elemental composition of the metal oxide was determined by energy dispersion spectrometry(EDS).Diffuse reflectance spectra(DRS),Photoluminescence(PL) spectra,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) were also studied for characterizing the nanocomposite.The average particle size was found to be around 20–30 nm.Photocatalytic activity of Ag/ZnO has been investigated over methyl violet(6B) dye under UV and visible light irradiation.The degradation of methyl violet(6B)dye using ZnO and Ag/ZnO was compared and found that Ag/ZnO composite is more efficient than ZnO.The rate of disappearance of dye was monitored spectrophotometrically in the maximum visible absorption wavelength and the extent of degradation was discussed in terms of Langmuir–Hinshelwood model.The Ag/ZnO composite was found capable of degrading the industrial dye effluent.Effect of H2O2addition on dye degradation by the Ag/ZnO was investigated and Ag/ZnO was found to be an effective antimicrobial agent.Reusability of Ag/ZnO catalyst was also tested.     

反复镦压6013型铝合金的组织和性能

以6013型铝合金为试验对象,研究了反复镦压工艺制备细晶材料,消除合金各向异性的可行性。采用金相显微镜,透射电镜研究了6013型铝合金反复镦压对合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:反复镦压使合金内部产生取向各异、彼此交错的变形带,有利于细化合金组织,经480℃,2 h的退火处理后,合金发生再结晶,合金晶粒等轴化,大小分布均匀,与未反复镦压合金组织相比,晶粒显著细化,减轻了组织各向异性;合金强度随镦压道次的增加,先降低后升高,对镦压后的合金进行T6处理(560℃,2 h+191℃,4 h),反复镦压3道次和12道次合金的硬度分别为1418.5和1503.5 MPa。研究表明:反复镦压工艺可以有效细化晶粒,消除组织各向异性,多道次镦压后,合金强度有所提高。     

可见光催化降解水中邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯的研究

邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)是环境激素类物质的一种,在环境中该物质持久存在不易分解,对人体健康造成严重危害,因此研究其废水降解具有重要的意义。以氙灯作为可见光光源,纳米CuPcTs/TiO2为催化剂,在可见光照射下较系统地考察了催化剂的活性、初始溶液的pH值、催化剂用量、光照时间等因素,对水溶液中DEHP光催化降解进行了研究。结果表明在pH=5,催化剂用量为0.4 g/L,光照时间为50 min,初始浓度为10 mg/L的DEHP水溶液降解速率为最佳,降解率达到93.6%,并证明了只有在催化剂和光源协同作用时,水中DEHP才可获得较快的降解。     

A novel photoelectrocatalytic system for organic contaminant degradation on a TiO2 nanotube (TNT)/Ti electrode

A novel degradation system, combined with photon-efficient thin-film photocatalysis, conventional bulk-phase photocatalysis and photocarrier-efficient electrocatalysis (TBPE), was developed on a vertically ordered one-dimensional (1D) TiO₂ nanotube (TNT)/Ti electrode for the purification of organics. The TBPE system possessed excellent optical, electrochemical, photoelectrochemical and photoelectrocatalytic properties as well as a high mass-transfer coefficient and interfacial activity. The combined degradation of methyl orange (MO) was optimized by varying the rotation angular velocity, applied bias and substrate concentration, and a photoelectrochemical synergetic effect of 62.2% was observed under the optimized conditions for TBPE compared to the individual electrocatalytic (EC) and photocatalytic (PC) systems. To explore the mechanisms, the combined thin-film degradation system of photon-efficient thin-film photocatalysis with photocarrier-efficient electrocatalysis (TPE), and the combined bulk-phase degradation system of conventional bulk-phase photocatalysis with photocarrier-efficient electrocatalysis (BPE), were comparatively estimated. A dramatic increase of 29.4-74.4% was observed in the MO removal efficiency via the thin-film TPE system compared to the bulk-phase BPE system. The results indicated that in the proposed TBPE system on the 1D TNT electrode, the predominant degradation occurred via the TPE system due to its excellent UV utilization efficiency and resultant interfacial photoactivity.     

壳聚糖及壳聚糖-羧甲基纤维素钠复合囊材的体外降解性能研究

制备了CS膜、交联CS膜、交联CS／CMCNa双层、多层复合膜以及ECH交联多层复合膜,考察了交联cs膜在不同介质中的降解,比较了上述几种膜材料在溶菌酶PBS溶液中的降解情况,对不同囊材载药微囊进行了体外降解实验。结果表明,交联cs膜在溶菌酶PBS溶液中降解速率最大。膜材料在溶菌酶PBS溶液中的降解速率与交联程度有关,载药微囊可以被溶菌酶降解。     

电化学诱发羟基自由基降解水中酚类污染物

DMPO（5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide）为自旋捕集剂,采用电子自旋共振技术（electron spin resonance spectroscopy,ESR）直接证实了经氟树脂改性的β PbO₂阳极和不锈钢网阴极构成的电化学体系中产生的羟基自由基（·OH）。通过电化学氧化水中含酚类及其前驱体污染物,发现环状结构化合物受电化学产生的羟基自由基攻击而发生开环反应产生易生物降解的有机酸,如反丁烯二酸和草酸,直至完全矿化为CO₂和水分子,苯醌是酚类污染物开环前产生的共同稳态中间体。该类污染物的电化学降解共性规律为电化学氧化技术的工业化应用和提高其处理工艺的经济性提供了理论依据。     

PET环状低聚物的表征及其开环聚合研究

以对苯二甲酸双(2-羟乙基)酯(BHET)为原料,通过悬浮法合成了聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)的环状低聚物(COET),对COET的结构和性能进行了表征;研究了COET的开环聚合及其在PET熔体中的开环聚合,探究了开环聚合工艺条件对其聚合产物的影响.结果表明:由核磁共振氢谱和碳谱表征悬浮法合成产物为COET,其主要以...     

同轴电纺法TiO2/g-C3N4的制备及光催化性能研究

传统的静电纺丝法使用单一的毛细管状喷头喷丝,通常用于制备实心且表面光滑单一组分的纳米纤维,无法得到具有多种功能性结构的复合材料,应用范围较窄。以酞酸丁酯和尿素为原料,采用同轴静电纺丝法成功制备了TiO₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料,并用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、紫外可见漫反射光谱（UV-vis DRS）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）分析对样品进行了表征,通过光催化降解亚甲基蓝溶液（MB）研究了不同g-C₃N₄添加量对TiO₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料光催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,采用同轴静电纺丝法结合500℃煅烧工艺成功制备了大比表面积及高光催化性能的TiO₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料。当g-C₃N₄添加量为0.15 g时,TiO₂/g-C₃N₄复合材料对亚甲基蓝溶液（MB）的光催化降解效率可达93.8%,且经过5次重复实验后降解率仍可达80%以上。     

Single-crystalline heterostructure of ZnO nanowire arrays on large Ag microplates and its photocatalytic activity

This paper presents experimentally a photocatalytic heterogeneous structure of high-density ZnO nanowire (NW) arrays grown on large Ag microplates. First, the dense single-crystalline ZnO NW fabricated using an economical hydrothermal method possess a great reactive surface area because of their high surface-to-volume ratio. In addition, the large Ag microplates synthesized using a simple and competitive growth method serve as an electron reservoir. The heterojunction between ZnO NW and Ag microplates forms a Schottky contact to separate the electrons from the photogenerated excitons in ZnO NW, prolonging the lifetime of excitons and enhancing their photocatalytic capability. The photodegradation experiment employs the methylene blue aqueous solution to reveal a kinetic rate constant of up to 6.60 × 10^?3 min^?1 at a low concentration of the ZnO/Ag heterogeneous structure on the ppm scale, and indicates an outstanding figure of merit of 1.02 × 10^?2 compared with previously reported ZnO/Ag heterogeneous structures.