世界已建高坝大库统计分析

为了解和掌握世界范围内的高坝大库建设情况,统计全球已建成的特大型高坝大库资料。在此基础上,根据地区、坝型和建成年代对高坝大库有关特征进行分析,总结了世界高坝大库的地区分布规律、主要坝型和历史建设趋势,得出如下结论:世界高坝大库工程主要分布于亚洲、欧洲、北美洲;高坝的坝型通常是混凝土拱坝、堆石坝和混凝土重力坝,而形成特大水库的大坝多为混凝土重力坝、堆石坝和混凝土拱坝;高坝大库工程基本上建成于1945年以后,目前世界高坝大库的建设中心已转移至中国。     

临江市青山水库除险加固工程初步设计

针对青山水库所存在的严重安全隐患,本文提出了青山水库除险加固工程初步设计方案,分别对挡水坝、溢流坝和土坝进行了相应的加固设计。同时,为提高除险加固工程后的效益,要加强水库日常管理和维护。     

土石坝常见病害及防治

文章分析了土石坝主要病害形式,提出了相应的预防及处理措施。     

基于微平面模型的切口重力坝试验数值模拟

微平面模型是近年新提出来的一种材料本构模型,可以较好地描述混凝土发生开裂以后的应变软化行为。本文为了探讨微平面模型在大型水工结构分析方面应用的可能性,尝试性地采用M3版微平面模型,对常规自重应力场作用下的切口重力坝和人工静荷载作用下的切口重力坝试验进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明,微平面模型对于切口重力坝和人工静荷载作用下的切口重力坝试验的P_d曲线模拟较好,同时对混凝土开裂方向的模拟和试验结果也比较一致,在大型水工结构数值分析方面,微平面模型具有一定的实用性。     

A hybrid approach based on an improved gravitational search algorithm and orthogonal crossover for optimal shape design of concrete gravity dams

A hybrid approach based on an improved gravitational search algorithm (IGSA) and orthogonal crossover (OC) is proposed to efficiently find the optimal shape of concrete gravity dams. The proposed hybrid approach is called IGSA-OC. The hybrid of IGSA and the OC operator can improve the global exploration ability of the IGSA method, and increase its convergence rate. To find the optimal shape of concrete gravity dams, the interaction effects of dam–water–foundation rock subjected to earthquake loading are considered in this study. The computational cost of the optimal shape of concrete gravity dams subjected earthquake loads is usually high. Due to this problem, the weighted least squares support vector machine (WLS-SVM) regression as an efficient metamodel is utilized to considerably predict dynamic responses of gravity dams by spending low computational cost. To testify the robustness and efficiency of the proposed IGSA-OC, first, four well-known benchmark functions in literatures are optimized using the proposed IGSA-OC, and provides comparisons with the standard gravitational search algorithm (GSA) and the other modified GSA methods. Then, the optimal shape of concrete gravity dams is found using IGSA-OC. The solutions obtained by the IGSA-OC are compared with those of the standard GSA, IGSA and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed IGSA-OC significantly outperforms the standard GSA, IGSA and PSO.     

Comparison of the expected damage patterns from two- and three-dimensional nonlinear dynamic analyses of a roller compacted concrete dam

The seismic performance of the tallest roller-compacted concrete gravity dam in Turkey is investigated in this study. For this purpose, two- and three-dimensional nonlinear dynamic finite element analyses were conducted to investigate the expected damage under simulated ground motions. Based on the results of finite element simulations, it was found that the three-dimensional behaviour of the dam is substantially different from the idealised two-dimensional monolith behaviour, even for a dam having monoliths separated with transverse joints. In addition, it was determined that in order to limit the cracking at the base of the dam, higher strength grout-enriched concrete must be used on the upstream and downstream faces. This study demonstrates the importance of three-dimensional modelling for gravity dams built in relatively narrow valleys along with the significance of the modelling of the nonlinear response for seismic performance assessment.     

基于PLC的堵板密封装置控制系统设计

为保证核电厂反应堆压力容器与蒸汽发生器检修工作能够同时进行,需使用堵板密封装置对主管道进行封堵.这可以使得反应堆一回路水位的升降不影响蒸汽发生器的检修工作,同时也可保证人员和设备安全,避免人员或异物掉入主管道.使用西门子S7-1200 PLC作为控制器,采用全集成自动化博途软件进行编程设计.根据工艺流程,设计了可编程逻...     

基于锥体理论的三维拱坝无限地基SBFEM模型

基于锥体动力学理论,提出一种合理的三维拱坝无限地基SBFEM模型,利用具有马鞍面为表面的半无限空间代替拱坝无限地基。经算例验证,该模型精度可靠,能够方便高效地解决拱坝—无限地基的相互作用问题,从而拓展了SBFEM的应用范围。     

碾压混凝土坝的渗流分析研究

针对碾压混凝土坝渗流特性，采用无厚度缝面单元模拟型进行渗流分析，在不增加网格节点的前提下，不但能高效地刻画出层面和缝面的特点，而且能对具有强透水能力的冷缝或裂缝进行细致的模拟，基本上解决了碾压混凝土坝的渗流建模问题。计算结果表明，采用无厚度缝面单元模型，更加符合坝体的渗流实际情况，提高了求解的精度。     

基于贝叶斯网络的土石坝可靠性分析

提出采用贝叶斯网络方法来分析大坝的可靠性问题．首先简要地介绍了贝叶斯网络方法的基本原理和建模方法，将贝叶斯网络方法和故障树方法进行了比较，并给出了故障树向贝叶斯网络转化的基本步骤．定义了贝叶斯网络中节点的重要度因子，并给出了相应的计算公式．最后以土石坝为例，根据土石坝的失效机理建立了土石坝可靠性分析的贝叶斯网络模型，并对溃坝原因进行了重要度分析．结果表明，贝叶斯网络能够有效地进行大坝可靠性分析，它能够更直观地表示大坝失事的因果关系，且贝叶斯网络能够方便地解决共因失效问题．故障树可以方便地转化为相应的贝叶斯网络模型．贝叶斯网络节点的重要度分析结果为制定有效的大坝失事概率控制措施提供了理论依据．