A generative facade design method based on daylighting performance goals

Successful daylighting design is a complex task which requires the designer to consider numerous design elements and their effects on multiple performance criteria. Facades, in particular, include many variables which may dramatically impact daylighting performance. Genetic algorithms (GAs) are optimization methods which are suitable for searching large solution spaces, such as those presented by design problems. This article presents a GA-based tool which facilitates the exploration of facade designs generated based on illuminance and/or glare objectives. The method allows the user to input an original 3d massing model and performance goals. The overall building form remains the same while facade elements may change. Ten parameters are considered, including materials and geometry of apertures and shading devices. A simple building data model is used to automatically generate a 3d model of each solution. Results from single- and multi-objective case studies are presented to demonstrate a successful goal-driven design exploration process.     

Developing a transparent shading device as a daylighting system

A transparent shading device is developed as an alternative to opaque or translucent materials. The objectives are to create a new design of transparent blinds with improved daylighting performance and to simulate its daylighting performance. The application of a triangular cross-section for the slats and the use of clear plastic and a silver reflective coating as the materials for the new blinds utilize the principles of optics in this design. A case study analyses and compares the daylighting performance of the new transparent blinds, commercially available opaque blinds, and the previously patented transparent blinds. Results from a limited simulation of the three systems indicate the interior illuminance and daylighting performance are best for the new blinds.

Un dispositif pare-soleil transparent a été mis au point comme alternative aux matériaux opaques ou translucides. Les objectifs sont de créer des stores transparents de conception nouvelle présentant des performances améliorées en éclairage naturel et de procéder à une simulation des performances de ce dispositif en éclairage naturel. Ce design fait appel aux principes d'optique dans l'application d'une section transversale triangulaire aux lamelles et dans l'utilisation d'un plastique transparent et d'un revêtement réfléchissant argenté comme matériaux de ces nouveaux stores. Une étude de cas analyse et compare les performances en éclairage naturel de ces nouveaux stores transparents, des stores opaques disponibles dans le commerce, et des stores transparents déjà brevetés. Les résultats d'une simulation limitée des trois systèmes indiquent que les performances concernant l’éclairement intérieur et l’éclairage naturel sont meilleures avec les nouveaux stores.

Mots clés: technologie alternative; autonomie en lumière du jour; éclairage naturel; conception de facades; éclairement; optique; dispositif pare-soleil; simulation; éclairement naturel utile     

Forthcoming events

Tubular daylight guidance systems are linear devices that channel daylight into the core of a building. They consist of a light transport section with, at the outer end, some device for capturing natural light and, at the inner end, a means of distributing the light within the interior. This technology is examined in terms of performance, cost, design issues and governance (codes) for the different generic types of systems. Gaps in the knowledge on a range of issues, particularly operational human factors, are identified as key determinants delaying the wider implementation of this technology.     

基于MIT Design Advisor的门窗设计——窗墙比对建筑采光的影响

外窗设计是建筑立面设计的重要方面,外窗的大小对建筑的采光能耗等有着重要的影响,我国建筑采光设计标准中对建筑的窗地面积比有着不同的要求,在建筑地面面积和墙面面积不变的情况下,窗地面积比也可以通过窗墙比来反映。本文利用MIT Design Advisor模拟计算了不同窗墙比对建筑空间采光和工作面采光性能的影响。     

基于GIS的地域性光气候信息系统

地域性的光气候信息是本土化的建筑采光设计的重要基础。本文运用GIS平台,建立了地域性光气候信息系统,输入当地的太阳辐射数据,就可以获得室外照度和天空亮度分布等光气候数据。本文介绍了该系统的工作原理、模块组成、照度模型转化流程和天空亮度模型转化流程等。运用该系统可以大大丰富我国用于采光设计的光气候数据,因而可以大大提高建筑采光设计的准确性和可靠性。     

基于节能的办公建筑采光中庭形态优化设计

采光中庭由于其独特的空间设计给人们带来不一样的视觉感受,已在办公建筑中广泛应用,中庭结构的合理设计对建筑自然采光、建筑能耗具有很大的影响。通过Autodesk Ecotect和Ra-diance数值软件,模拟计算不同中庭平面布局、尺寸比例以及幕墙朝向对办公建筑自然采光系数、全年自然采光满足率DA、天然采光照明节能率、室内照度全年满足率的影响;在模拟分析的基础上,采用Designbuilder数值软件比较分析采光中庭形态优化设计对办公建筑人工照明、采暖空调能耗的影响。     

建筑窗体玻璃节能研究

本文对建筑中的外门窗在太阳辐射热的传递与利用,对几种玻璃光在不同波段情况有效光的传递等方面作了分析研究,得出了不同的太阳高度角下、建筑不同朝向的窗户应选用的建筑门窗玻璃。并特别指出Low-E玻璃对建筑节能有着突出的优势。     

关于采光窗口采光效率和房屋进深问题的探讨

本文就采光设计对采光窗的采光效率、房屋进深及室内表面反射比加权平均值等问题进行了探讨，对正在编制中的建筑采光设计标准提出了建议。