Computer-oriented building design: Advances in daylighting and thermal simulation tools

Advanced computer simulation tools for analyzing daylighting features and thermal performance of buildings are improved at the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems. For an analysis of daylighting elements in lighting simulations, new light-deflecting structures and materials have been measured and modeled. In order to study the interaction between lighting and thermal behaviour of rooms, thermal and lighting simulation techniques are linked together. Thus, integrated energy concepts can be evaluated. Programs for handling parallel image generation in a network of high-performance Unix workstations have been developed.     

济南市园博园生态节能科技示范工程节能技术介绍

本文以第七届中国国际园林花卉博览会为背景,简单介绍了生态节能示范工程中采用的太阳能光伏发电、光导等节能技术的原理及实际应用情况。为新技术的应用、推广提供设计依据。     

温和气候区单层与双层玻璃幕墙节能评价

玻璃幕墙在现代建筑中应用广泛。玻璃幕墙设计不仅立足现代化的建筑外观,更要达到节能目的。一方面,太阳辐射能够透过玻璃幕墙进入室内,补偿建筑的采暖能耗,另一方面,大面积玻璃幕墙也可能带来室内过热问题。本文研究了两种幕墙系统的能源平衡问题,一种是单层双玻幕墙,另一种是双层通风玻璃幕墙,以实验测试为基础对其进行节能评价。     

A generative facade design method based on daylighting performance goals

Successful daylighting design is a complex task which requires the designer to consider numerous design elements and their effects on multiple performance criteria. Facades, in particular, include many variables which may dramatically impact daylighting performance. Genetic algorithms (GAs) are optimization methods which are suitable for searching large solution spaces, such as those presented by design problems. This article presents a GA-based tool which facilitates the exploration of facade designs generated based on illuminance and/or glare objectives. The method allows the user to input an original 3d massing model and performance goals. The overall building form remains the same while facade elements may change. Ten parameters are considered, including materials and geometry of apertures and shading devices. A simple building data model is used to automatically generate a 3d model of each solution. Results from single- and multi-objective case studies are presented to demonstrate a successful goal-driven design exploration process.     

某大型公共建筑采光顶支承结构体系分析

玻璃采光顶具有丰富建筑造型、提高自然采光、节约能源等优点,其在大型公共建筑中具有广泛的应用空间.结合工程实际,在讨论玻璃采光顶特点的基础上,着重分析不同杆件分别采用不同截面时,对整体结构的受力和刚度的影响.通过对不同结构体系模型进行模态响应对比分析,进一步强调结构杆件截面的选择对整体结构受力影响的重要性,为实际工程中类似采光顶支承结构体系的优化设计提供参考方法,从而达到结构受力合理,刚度适中,经济可行的目的.分析结果表明：环梁、立柱及主拱梁的截面选取极大影响整体结构的受力和刚度,并且也影响采光顶的通透性;次梁、支撑截面尺寸虽对整体结构受力、刚度影响不大,但须满足经济性要求.     

博物馆展示空间采光设计的优化策略

针对博物馆展示空间的光环境现状,按照展品对采光的要求对展示空间进行分类,归纳出其典型的采光形式和展品陈列布局方式,通过计算展示空间在不同工况下的采光系数、采光均匀度、亮度分布和不舒适眩光指数等采光参数,对展示空间的光环境进行仿真分析,由此确定适宜的采光形式和采光构件,提出相应的采光优化策略,即从采光形式和构件两方面进行采光参数的优化。结果表明：采光优化策略可改善博物馆展示空间的采光质量,使不同类型展示空间获得适宜的光环境。     

Daylight in buildings, collaborative research in the International Energy Agency (IEA Task 21)

A great number of daylighting research activities including investigations of innovative daylighting systems, lighting controls, and development of daylighting design tools are being conducted in Australia, North America, and Europe. There is a strong need for coordination and sharing of the experience from these activities, and for transformation of the achievements into practical building design guidance. International collaboration is necessary for the establishment of procedures for the characterization and evaluation of daylighting and lighting control system performance under the very diverse nature of sky conditions throughout the world, and it was on this basis that IEA Task 21 started in 1995. Task 21 is a comprehensive collaborative research effort, involving more than 40 institutions from 16 IEA countries, under the Solar Heating & Cooling Programme of the International Energy Agency. The paper reports on the work of this huge international daylighting Task, with only 12 months to go of its four-year duration, describing how the work hopefully will influence on future building design.     

建筑侧窗采光简化评估方法的研究

本文基于国际上有关侧窗采光的最新研究成果,制定出一套以平均采光系数作为衡量依据,基于计算机模拟和理论公式计算,且便于建筑师使用的简化评估方法。该方法以大量模拟数据为基础,结合了查表和公式计算两个步骤,为建筑师的侧面开窗设计提供科学、有效的数据支持。     

建筑窗体玻璃节能研究

本文对建筑中的外门窗在太阳辐射热的传递与利用,对几种玻璃光在不同波段情况有效光的传递等方面作了分析研究,得出了不同的太阳高度角下、建筑不同朝向的窗户应选用的建筑门窗玻璃。并特别指出Low-E玻璃对建筑节能有着突出的优势。