基于节能的办公建筑采光中庭形态优化设计

采光中庭由于其独特的空间设计给人们带来不一样的视觉感受,已在办公建筑中广泛应用,中庭结构的合理设计对建筑自然采光、建筑能耗具有很大的影响。通过Autodesk Ecotect和Ra-diance数值软件,模拟计算不同中庭平面布局、尺寸比例以及幕墙朝向对办公建筑自然采光系数、全年自然采光满足率DA、天然采光照明节能率、室内照度全年满足率的影响;在模拟分析的基础上,采用Designbuilder数值软件比较分析采光中庭形态优化设计对办公建筑人工照明、采暖空调能耗的影响。     

基于光热性能的南向遮阳措施节能降耗模拟研究

采用模拟耦合计算室内照度与窗体能耗的方法,以上海为研究区域,针对朝南方向,分析了水平、垂直遮阳板以及卷帘等不同装置引起的照明能耗和制冷能耗之和,并由此评价其节能降耗的效果.结果表明,当灯具光效大于41.2 Lm/W时,遮阳卷帘引起的综合能耗较小;而当光效小于上述数值时,水平遮阳板更好.这两种遮阳措施下室内的照度分布相对...     

Computer-oriented building design: Advances in daylighting and thermal simulation tools

Advanced computer simulation tools for analyzing daylighting features and thermal performance of buildings are improved at the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems. For an analysis of daylighting elements in lighting simulations, new light-deflecting structures and materials have been measured and modeled. In order to study the interaction between lighting and thermal behaviour of rooms, thermal and lighting simulation techniques are linked together. Thus, integrated energy concepts can be evaluated. Programs for handling parallel image generation in a network of high-performance Unix workstations have been developed.     

Daylight in buildings, collaborative research in the International Energy Agency (IEA Task 21)

A great number of daylighting research activities including investigations of innovative daylighting systems, lighting controls, and development of daylighting design tools are being conducted in Australia, North America, and Europe. There is a strong need for coordination and sharing of the experience from these activities, and for transformation of the achievements into practical building design guidance. International collaboration is necessary for the establishment of procedures for the characterization and evaluation of daylighting and lighting control system performance under the very diverse nature of sky conditions throughout the world, and it was on this basis that IEA Task 21 started in 1995. Task 21 is a comprehensive collaborative research effort, involving more than 40 institutions from 16 IEA countries, under the Solar Heating & Cooling Programme of the International Energy Agency. The paper reports on the work of this huge international daylighting Task, with only 12 months to go of its four-year duration, describing how the work hopefully will influence on future building design.     

南京市学校教室天然采光初步研究之问卷调查

我国在学校天然采光方面的研究起步较晚,相关标准的制定也主要是借鉴西方的研究成果,因此有必要根据我国地域、气候、人文、经济等情况进一步修正。本次初步研究尝试从量化研究和质化研究两个方面入手了解中国学校天然采光。在文献回顾基础上,本文主要介绍研究小组对2所南京市中学的300个学生的问卷调查结果。希望本次研究可以初步了解南京市中小学教室的天然光环境现状,并为我国学校天然采光研究,以及采光设计标准的重新修订起到一定的抛砖引玉作用。     

南京市学校教室天然采光初步研究之实地测量

良好的天然采光不仅为学校创造出一个优美愉快的学习环境,还有益于学生们的身心健康。然而,我国对学校天然光的现状研究还处在起步阶段。笔者回顾了我国学校天然采光研究现状和现行采光设计标准,并以南京市2所中学中的12间教室为研究对象,对其天然光环境进行实地测量,并根据我国最新修订和颁布的《建筑采光设计标准》GB50033--2013进行评估分析。结果显示,尽管这些教室在设计上基本满足我国最新的采光照明设计标准,但教室内普遍存在着水平面照度不均匀、直射阳光等问题;其次是黑板的采光照明,几乎所有被测教室都存在着反射眩光的问题。     

LED在教室照明中的应用

本文论述了在教室照明设计中,LED灯具分别在黑板、普通教室、阶梯教室、多媒体教室等场所的具体设计应用,简单对比了LED灯具与传统光源灯具在具体的教室中照明设计方案的优劣;根据自然采光的不同,设计合理的照度控制曲线,结合光控、时控等智能控制系统,使节能省电效果达到最大化。     

Assessing and predicting average daylight factors of adjoining spaces in atrium buildings under overcast sky

Daylight use in an atrium is particularly beneficial as the natural light can illuminate potentially dark core areas and decrease energy consumption from electric lighting. This study has investigated, for overcast sky conditions, the horizontal daylight levels in spaces adjoining atria and the vertical daylight levels on atrium well walls in atria. The daylight levels in the rooms and on the walls were derived from scale model measurements, theoretical calculations and predictions from the lighting simulation package Radiance. A comparison of measured data and modelling has validated Radiance simulations of atrium daylighting. The simulations show generally good agreement with theory while some limitations in the calculations used in determining the daylight factors in rooms with large widow area to total wall area ratios were observed. The average daylight levels in rooms displayed a linear relationship with the vertical daylight levels on the well wall. In terms of the well geometry and well façades (decided by the ratio of window area to solid wall area) and well surface reflectance, the variations of daylight level in the adjoining rooms have been analysed and some conclusions and design strategies for supporting preliminary design decisions are presented.     

连续布置光井式单元屋顶天然采光系统的量化研究

屋顶采光是体育馆、展览馆、交通建筑等大空间建筑采光的优选方式。在屋顶上开设大面积的采光口是高效的采光方法,但太阳位置的不断变化使室内光环境难于稳定、照度分布难以均匀。本研究提出的连续布置光井式采光单元屋顶采光系统具有紧密排布的狭长腔体,天然光在其中多次反射后照明室内,这种机理有利于营造稳定、均匀的室内光环境。本文量化分析了采光单元光井系数、截面尺寸、表面反射率、朝向、分布密度等对于采光效果的影响,该研究结果可作为大空间建筑屋顶采光设计的参考。     

办公建筑照明系统仿真分析与多场景节能优化调控策略研究

为实现办公建筑照明系统节能控制,对照明系统节能优化调控策略开展了研究。分析了天然采光对室内照度的影响,针对办公室和停车场两类典型场景,提出了基于情景模式和天然采光的办公场景照明优化调控策略,以及采用定时与人体感应相结合的停车场景照明优化调控策略,并介绍了实现上述控制策略需要安装的硬件设备。通过案例分析发现,所提策略可为建筑节省38%的照明能耗。