基于混凝土塑性损伤模型的轨道板损伤规律

基于混凝土塑性损伤模型,建立CRTS Ⅰ型轨道板损伤分布计算模型,将Tekscan传感器测得的钢轨支点压力作为荷载输入,以轨道板竖向位移及拉伸损伤因子作为评价指标,分析客货共线条件下水泥乳化沥青（CA）砂浆离缝状态时锚穴周边轨道板上表面混凝土的内部损伤规律. 结果表明：随着离缝长度的不断扩展,损伤产生及完全损伤的临界离缝高度均逐渐变小;当离缝长度扩展至第2、3锚穴时,客车荷载下损伤产生的临界离缝高度分别约为0.8、1.0 mm,货车荷载下约为0.5、0.8 mm;一旦超出损伤产生的临界离缝高度,由于轨道板损伤的发展,轨道结构整体抗弯刚度迅速降低导致板端竖向位移迅速增大;对于客车荷载,当离缝扩展至第3锚穴且高度大于1.0 mm后,CA砂浆形成脱空,板端位移不再增长,对于货车荷载,当离缝扩展至第3锚穴且高度大于1.3 mm后,由于二次损伤带的产生,板端竖向位移随离缝高度的增大迅速增大.     

碳纤维布在混凝土梁受弯加固中抗剥离性能的试验研究

在混凝土梁底粘贴碳纤维布提高其受弯承载力 ,常由于碳纤维布的剥离破坏使受弯加固的效率受到影响。为此 ,提出在梁底碳纤维布的粘结延伸长度范围内采用附加碳纤维布U形箍来提高梁底碳纤维布的抗剥离能力。通过 1 4根梁的试验 ,研究了U形箍的抗剥离机理和设置位置、U形箍量和形式等对梁底碳纤维布抗剥离性能的影响 ,并根据试验研究结果给出了设置U形箍的有关建议。     

我国碳纤维布在混凝土结构加固中的研究应用

详细介绍了我国碳纤维布加固技术在混凝土结构中的研究情况及施工特点和施工方式,并提出了今后发展的一些建议,以完善碳纤维布结构加固技术,促进碳纤维布在结构加固中的应用。     

外贴纤维加固梁斜截面纤维应变分布的试验研究

外贴纤维复合材料可以提高混凝土梁斜截面抗剪承载力。对外贴封闭纤维箍加固构件,其破坏过程经历了从梁侧纤维剥离到最终纤维拉断两个状态。显然,从适用性的角度,梁侧纤维剥离状态也是一个重要的状态,但是,目前该领域的研究都集中在最后的纤维拉断状态。本文通过外贴封闭纤维箍加固梁的试验研究,重点研究了梁侧纤维剥离之前,斜截面纤维应变发展及分布的规律。试验表明,梁侧纤维的剥离破坏和纤维拉断破坏首先产生在其中一条纤维箍上,然后沿着斜裂缝其它纤维箍相继产生。在斜裂缝上,纤维应变的分布是极不均匀的。斜截面纤维应变分布系数,即沿斜裂缝上纤维应变的平均值除以相应条件下斜裂缝上纤维应变的最大值,与纤维配置量的关系不大,但随着荷载水平的增大而缓慢增加,它的主要影响因素是剪跨比。本文在试验分析的基础上,提出了纤维加固梁斜截面纤维应变分布系数的初步计算模式。     

Research on the fracture behavior of PBX under static tension

The fracture behavior of polymer-bonded explosive （PBX） seriously affects the safety and reliability of weapon system. The effects of interface debonding and initial meso-damage on the fracture behavior of PBX under quasi-static tension are studied using numerical method. A two- dimensional representative volume element （RVE） is established based on Voronoi model in which the component contents could be regulated and the particles are randomly distributed. A nonlinear damage model of polymer matrix relative to matrix depth between particles is constructed. The results show that the simulated strain-stress relation is coincident with experiment data. It is found that interface debonding leads to the nucleation and propagation of meso-cracks, and a main crack approximately perpendicular to the loading direction is generated finally. The interface debonding tends to occur in the interface perpendicular to the loading direction. There seems to be a phenomenon that strain softening and hardening alternatively appear around peak stress of stress and strain curve. It is shown that the initial damages of intragranular and interfacial cracks both decrease the modulus and failure stress, and the main crack tends to propagate toward the initial meso-cracks.     

钢筋混凝土结构增强纤维加固技术

纤维增强塑料(FRP)加强修补混凝土结构以其高强高效、防腐耐久、施工便捷、适用面广等多方面的优势,在工程中得到了广泛应用.用FRP进行加固后,构件的受力特点和破坏模式与普通钢筋混凝土构件的破坏形态有所不同,本文主要分析不同形式的钢筋混凝土受力构件采用FRP加固前后受力特点和破坏模式的区别,结论可供工程应用参考.     

Investigating the impact of non‐linear geometrical effects on wind turbine blades—Part 1: Current status of design and test methods and future challenges in design optimization

This article is the first part of a three‐article series and it deals with full‐scale tests of a load‐carrying box girder. The two other articles present more details on smaller sub‐component levels as well as cap specimens (article 2) and shear webs (article 3). This article also links to the two other articles and brings the main results from them into relevance for a wind turbine blade designer. The investigated failure modes in all three articles relate to the Brazier effect, which is expected to be the key dominating failure mechanism in future wind turbine blade designs. The Brazier effect may also have a significant impact on present wind turbine blades. In this article, a 34 m long load‐carrying box girder has been tested in static flap‐wise bending, and it has been demonstrated that, for this design, the Brazier effect is a critical phenomenon of great relevance for the ultimate failure strength. The box girder has been evaluated with and without a cap (wire) reinforcement. The cap reinforcement is one out of seven inventions Risø DTU published in 2008, which are all intended to result in a lighter and more reliable blade design. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于“梁段”模型的FRP 加固混凝土梁端界面剥离破坏分析

由各种纤维复合材料(FRP)加固混凝土梁端斜裂缝诱发的“端头FRP-混凝土界面剥离”是一种常见破坏模式,而用有限元方法对有多条裂缝的整根加固梁进行分析难度很大。该文提出一个简单的以加固梁端第1 条斜裂缝为边界的“梁段”空间非线性有限元计算模型,并用圣维南原理和数值分析证实其合理性和可靠性。进而对此模型进行参数分析,探讨FRP 拉应力、FRP 层数、FRP-混凝土粘结滑移本构关系和加固梁端第1 条斜裂缝到支座的距离诸因素对剥离应力的影响。经比较,模型计算结果与既有实验数据吻合较好。     

Nonlinear 3D finite element simulation of reinforced concrete flat plates retrofitted with externally bonded CFRP strips

In this study, a comprehensive 3D non-linear finite element modelling procedure is presented for the simulation of reinforced concrete flat plates, retrofitted with externally bonded carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips and subjected to punching shear loads. The presented modelling procedure may be used to conduct parametric numerical analyses on the response of reinforced concrete elements similar to considered in this study. The modelling procedure is applied on: (i) a solid, un-retrofitted flat plate and (ii) eight flat plates with openings and retrofitted with externally bonded CFRP strips. In the procedure, debonding of CFRP strips from concrete surfaces is accounted for by defining appropriate bilinear shear stress–slip and normal stress–gap relationships. In the model, the corner lift-offs observed at the corners of the flat plates are also considered by defining appropriate restrains and frictional support conditions. Results obtained from the proposed modelling procedure are verified using experimental data available in the literature. From the verification, accuracy of the proposed modelling procedure is confirmed in terms of structural responses such as load displacement relationships and crack propagations of the test specimens.     

Mechanical Characterization and Water Ageing Behavior Studies of Grewia Serrulata Bast Fiber Reinforced Thermoset Composites

Natural fiber-reinforced polyester composites were prepared using bast fibers as the reinforcement which were extracted from Grewia serrulata trees. Chemical treatments such as alkali pretreatment followed by permanganate treatment, acetylation and silane treatment were exclusively applied to modify the fiber surface. Hand lay-up technique with compression molding was adapted for the fabrication of axially oriented fiber reinforced composites. Tensile, flexural and impact strength properties of the specimens prepared were evaluated following the standard procedures. The SEM images of the fractured surfaces shows improvement in compatibility between the chemically treated fibers and the matrix. It was found that the tensile and flexural strengths of chemically treated fiber-reinforced polyester composites have significantly improved when compared to untreated fiber-reinforced polyester specimens. The properties of 1200 hrs water aged specimens were found deteriorated considerably due to diffusion of water into the composite material system. The chemical treatment of fibers prior to fabrication of composites improves the resistance to water absorption tendencies.