混凝土盐冻破坏机理(Ⅰ)——毛细管饱水度和结冰压

研究了NaCl浓度对混凝土内部毛细管吸水饱水度、溶液结冰膨胀率和结冰压的影响,继而对混凝土盐冻破坏机理进行了分析.结果表明,随着NaCl浓度的增加,溶液结冰膨胀率和结冰压显著降低,这是最有利于降低混凝土盐冻破坏的因素;另一方面,混凝土内部毛细管吸水饱水度和吸水速度随NaCl浓度的增加而显著提高,这是最不利于降低混凝土盐冻破坏的因素.基于这些实测数据,经计算证明了浓度为2%~6%(质量分数)的NaCl溶液将产生最大的结冰压,从而形成最严重的混凝土盐冻破坏.     

基于人工神经网络的地下矿山岩层移动研究

提出了采用人工神经网络方法进行地下金属矿山岩层移动预测,结合模糊数学对选取的地表移动影响因素进行了处理.计算结果表明,所选取的各因素之间及其与岩层的移动角之间存在着较强的非线性关系,移动角的大小与选取因素有着密切的联系,进而从理论上证明可以预测由于开挖引起的岩层和地表移动的范围问题.     

东海西湖井身结构深度优化技术及其应用

东海西湖地区深部地层具有研磨性强,可钻性差,机械钻速低,且存在异常高温高压等特点。通过不断探索、实践井身结构优化技术,形成了东海近几年较为固定的探井井身结构。但表层?444.5 mm井眼再加速遭遇“瓶颈”,常压深井井身结构仍有优化空间。随着东海钻井技术的不断进步及油气资源勘探开发的需求,水平井及大斜度井的数量在不断增多,而开发井?215.9 mm井眼水平段?177.8 mm尾管下入困难。因此,需要进一步对东海西湖凹陷区域井身结构进行深度优化。针对以上难点,研究形成了表层井眼尺寸优化技术、深井井身结构简化技术及开发井尾管尺寸优化技术。现场试验应用表明,钻井提速效果明显,为后续井的井身结构继续优化奠定了基础。同时也降低了深部井段复杂情况出现的概率,增大了探井套管和井眼环空间隙,为后续作业提供了便利,也为复杂地质条件下深井和超深井的井身结构的设计提供了新的思路。     

基于回采巷道破碎程度的浆液性能选型研究

工作面回采巷道围岩破碎程度不同,应采用不同性能的注浆材料对围岩进行分区、分类加固。采用BP神经网络算法,建立了回采巷道围岩破碎程度与注浆材料性能的“地质条件—浆液性能”互馈模型。该模型选取顶板岩层强度、煤层强度、底板岩层强度等7个地质条件参数作为输入因子,选取注浆材料7 d抗压强度、初凝时间和初始黏度作为输出因子。利用34组数据对模型进行训练,8组数据作为测试样本开展误差分析。结果表明：训练集拟合系数达到0.999 95,测试集输出因子相对误差低于13%,训练和测试效果较好,能够满足基于围岩破碎程度进行浆液参数选型及预测的要求。     

采用注入法对配电网中性点进行测量

针对配电网中不对称度大的中性点接地方式,提出了采用异频信号注入法对其进行测量,重点分析了其原理并进行详细地理论推导,最后模拟10 kV配电网进行了实验测试.该方法使配电网的谐振频率远离工频50 Hz,有效降低了不对称度大的配电网的位移电压,测量简单,安全可靠.实验结果表明其具有测量精度高、实时性好等特点,具有广阔的应用前景.     

Strain-softening behavior of an Fe-6.5 wt%Si alloy during warm deformation and its applications

An Fe-6.5 wt%Si alloy with columnar grains was compressed at a temperature below its recrystallization temperature. The Vickers hardness and structure of the alloy before and after deformation were investigated. The results showed that with an increase in the degree of deformation, Vickers hardness of the alloy initially increased rapidly and then decreased slowly, indicating that the alloy had a strain-softening behavior after a large deformation. Meanwhile, the work-hardening exponent of the alloy decreased significantly. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the decrease of the order degree was responsible for the strain-softening behavior of the deformed alloy. Applying its softening behavior, the Fe-6.5 wt%Si alloy with columnar grains was rolled at 400 °C and then at room temperature. An Fe-6.5 wt%Si thin strip with thickness of 0.20 mm was fabricated. The surface of the strip was bright and had no obvious edge cracks.     

Graphs with maximum degree 6 are acyclically 11-colorable

An acyclic k-coloring of a graph G is a proper vertex coloring of G, which uses at most k colors, such that the graph induced by the union of every two color classes is a forest. In this note, we prove that every graph with maximum degree six is acyclically 11-colorable, thus improving the main result of Yadav et al. (2009) [11].     

邯郸市地热能开发利用中排放水问题探讨

地热能的开发应用在邯郸市正处在发展期。对近几年邯郸市开发的地热井调查,发现地热水矿化度极高且含有大量氯化物、硫酸盐等物质,地热废水绝大部分没有经过任何处理直接外排,对周围生态环境和工农业生产造成了很大危害。针对排放水水质、水量的不同特点,介绍了相应的处理方法。值得注意的是这种高矿化度、高水温的地热排放水在国家排放标准中没有给予指标限制,这些排放水的危害在某些方面存在潜伏期,危害一旦显现,治理难度极大,必须引起相关部门的高度重视。     

一种释放负离子面膜的研制

论述了一种负离子面膜的研制过程。在面膜的制作过程中通过适当的途径加进负离子添加剂,从而使负离子在皮肤表面发挥还原性作用,使已经氧化的皮肤还原,恢复健康状态。通过多次实验,所得产品负离子释放量超过了700个/cm3,具有释放负离子稳定持久、发射远红外线、杀菌、消毒、保健等功效,达到了健康要求。     

Uncertainty in airflow rate calculations due to the use of surface-averaged pressure coefficients

Mean wind pressure coefficients (C_p) are key input parameters for air infiltration and ventilation studies. However, building energy simulation and stand-alone airflow network programs usually only provide and/or use a limited amount of C_p data, which are based on several assumptions. An important assumption consists of using surface-averaged C_p values instead of local C_p values with a high resolution in space. This paper provides information on the uncertainty in the calculated airflow rate due to the use of surface-averaged C_p data. The study is performed using published empirical data on pressure coefficients obtained from extensive wind tunnel experiments. The uncertainty is assessed based on the comparison of the airflow rate (?) calculated using the surface-averaged C_p values (?_AV) and the airflow rate calculated using local C_p values (?_LOC). The results indicate that the uncertainty with a confidence interval of 95% is high: 0.23 ?_AV < ?_LOC < 5.07 ?_AV. In cases with the largest surface-averaged ΔC_p, the underestimation or overestimation is smaller but not negligible: 0.52 ?_AV < ?_LOC < 1.42 ?_AV. These results provide boundaries for future improvements in C_p data quality, and new developments can be evaluated by comparison with the uncertainty of the current methods.