工业侧流试验高温脱硫剂的性能测试

通过混合法制备的高温煤气脱硫剂在放大的工厂侧流装置上于高温、高压固定床反应器、强还原性的真实煤气中进行了16次循环、1200h的脱硫 再生测试.结果表明,该脱硫剂具有良好的抗磨损性、稳定的反应性能和较高硫容(累计硫容300.49%);饱和后的脱硫剂可用含1%～3%O2的水蒸汽完全再生.取得的结果为优化新型脱硫剂以适用于更大规模的示范项目提供了可靠依据.     

催化裂化汽油膜法脱硫的研究进展

介绍了用于催化裂化汽油脱硫的渗透汽化膜技术，对国内外膜法汽油脱硫技术的开发应用现状进行了综述，重点指出了美国Grace、TransIonics和Exxon三大石油公司与国内研究机构对膜法汽油脱硫的研究进展，展望了膜法脱硫技术的前景．     

电位模式对碳毡电极上SO_2脱除的影响

用碳毡制备脱除SO2的立体化电极并进行电化学脱硫测试,探索施加的电位模式对电极上SO2脱除的影响。研究表明,SO2从电极表面氧化脱除的过程与电位和施加电位的模式有关。相同条件下恒定部分电位越高脱硫效果越好;高低电位交替振荡脱硫模式比单一恒电位氧化脱硫模式电极活性恢复效果好,所用时间短;恒电位-SO2非氧化循环伏安脱硫模式比高低电位交替振荡模式和单一恒电位模式脱硫效果都好,该过程可以实现电极活性完全恢复且耗时显著减少。     

Analysis of thermodynamics and kinetics of titanium between top slag and liquid steel

Titanium is an impurity element in some special steel grades.The existence of titanium decreases the grain size and lowers the yield strength,resulting in low quality of these steels with regard to various properties.Thus,the titanium content should be reduced to the minimum.Based on the industrial production of ultra-low carbon Al-Si killed steel,this paper investigated the physical-chemical behaviors of titanium with and without desulfurization during RH refining.The influences of Ti content in hot metal,ladle slag composition,and ladle slag quantity,etc.,on the Ti content in refined liquid steel were discussed.The results show that the partition ratio of titanium between ladle slag and liquid steel is inversely proportional to the Al content to the power of 4/3,and the empirical formula regressed from practical experience can be expressed as w(TiO2)/w[Ti]=48/w[Al]4/3.Maximum partition ratio of titanium between top slag and liquid steel can be ensured by an optimum slag composition including components of FeOx and Al2O3 and an appropriate slag basicity.The contents of FetO and Al2O3 should be controlled above 6% and below 20% respectively and the slag basicity should be kept within 1.5 to 3.0.Moreover,desulfurization refining in the RH vacuum will decrease the partition ratio of titanium between ladle slag and liquid steel significantly.To keep the Ti content stably below 15×10-4% in a 300 ton ladle,the Ti content in hot metal must be lower than 500×10-4% and the thickness of ladle slag carried over from BOF slag must be less than 50 mm.     

利用烧结脱硫灰渣制备新型充填胶凝材料试验

烧结脱硫灰渣是半干法脱硫排放的废弃物.灰渣含有亚硫酸钙和飞灰等不稳定矿物成分,使得该废弃物利用面临困难.针对铁矿全尾砂胶结充填法采矿对廉价的胶凝材料的需求,采用烧结脱硫灰渣和水淬渣,开展了制备全尾砂充填胶凝材料试验研究.以生石灰作为碱激发剂,硫酸盐作为辅助激发剂,对矿渣微粉活性实施复合激发.首先采用正交设计进行试验方案设计;然后采用极差分析对数据进行处理和配比决策,最后以阶段嗣后充填采矿对其强度要求,建立并求解全尾砂新型充填胶凝材料的优化模型,获得了充填胶凝材料的优化配比.结果显示,当胶砂比为1∶8、料浆浓度为68%时,以生石灰和烧结脱硫灰渣作为水淬渣复合激发剂制备的新型充填胶凝材料,烧结脱硫灰渣比例达到10%时,3 d、7 d及28 d的胶结充填体强度不低于相同条件下的32.5R早强水泥,而胶凝材料成本低于水泥材料.     

Direct synthesis of highly ordered Ti-containing Al-SBA-15 mesostructured catalysts from natural halloysite and its photocatalytic activity for oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene

Here we show that bimetallic Ti-Al-SBA-15 materials were synthesized successfully from titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) and natural halloysite clay via the direct hydrothermal method. The results revealed that the incorporation of titanium species in the Al-SBA-15 framework retained the characteristic peaks and possessed an increased Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area in comparison to the conventional Al-SBA-15 material. The successful isomorphous substitution of titanium in the Al-SBA-15 framework was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopies. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the composite material exhibited a highly ordered 2-D hexagonal mesostructure. The photocatalytic activity of these Ti-Al-SBA-15 mesoporous materials were assessed by dibenzothiophene (DBT) conversion under UV light irradiation, showing that the Al-SBA-15 sample containing 7.5 wt% of titanium possessed the highest photocatalytic activity with a conversion of 92.68% at 70 °C and maintained the catalytic performance after four cycles. These results suggest a promising technique to produce the Ti-Al-SBA-15 photocatalyst from an abundant and low-cost clay material.     

炼厂气脱硫系统的流程设置

分别介绍了炼厂气脱硫化氢装置的一般流程、多脱硫系统脱硫化氢流程、先进模式的炼油厂脱硫化氢系统,分析了这些流程的特点和适用场合,指出为降低投资,节省操作费用,减小操作难度,在新建或大规模扩建的炼油厂中,应采用先进模式的炼油厂脱硫化氢系统.     

吸附法催化裂化汽油深度脱硫工艺研究

在固定床试验装置上考察了γ-Al2O3及γ-Al2O3负载锌、钨、钼等金属后的改性吸附剂对催化裂化汽油中硫的吸附行为.结果表明:W/γ-Al2O3吸附剂的吸附容量最大,是其它金属改性吸附剂的5倍.失活的W/γ-Al2O3吸附剂在再生温度250℃、空速2.0 h-1条件下用乙醇体积分数为5.0%的水蒸气再生6 h后,其活性可以完全恢复到新鲜吸附剂的水平.在上述再生条件下和80℃的吸附温度下,这一吸附剂有良好的可再生性和脱硫稳定性.     

多室内环流反应器中液体循环量的试验验证与模拟

目的 对液相氧化脱硫多室内环流反应器液体循环量的影响因素进行模拟和验证。方法 采用CFD数值模拟,基于欧拉-欧拉多相流模型,对液相氧化脱硫多室内环流反应器进行气液两相流模拟,考查了酸气流量和空气流量对液体循环量的影响。结果 利用数值模拟得到的液体循环量与利用靶式流量计测得的液体循环量误差小于10%。当酸气中H₂S体积分数不超过3%时,液体循环量(z)与酸气流量(x)、空气流量(y)之间的关系式为：z=-474.996+0.358x+0.487 3y。结论 欧拉-欧拉两相流模型能够准确地预测液相氧化脱硫反应器内液体循环量。     

基于自适应优化多层GA-BP的脱硫效率预测模型

针对湿法脱硫装置运行参数多且相互高度耦合,脱硫效率定量描述困难的问题,以及传统BP网络存在的问题,提出一种基于自适应优化多层GA-BP的脱硫效率预测模型。将基于主成分分析后的降维数据作为输入变量,采用双层基因优化BP网络结构,并引入自适应变异和交叉概率,对BP网络初始权值、阈值进行改进,利用优化后的网络对脱硫效率进行预测。该模型已成功应用于大唐三门峡1000MW机组脱硫装置,结果表明：实际脱硫效率平均绝对误差小于0.5%,较传统BP算法与GA-BP算法分别降低25.82%和16.10%,具有更高的预测精度。