注气井井筒结垢预测研究

在油田开发过程中,油、气、水和泥浆在地层或管道中流动,当达到一定条件时,油垢、水垢或泥垢便会产生。在实际生产过程中,油垢和泥垢通常伴随着水垢而生成,所以对水垢结垢趋势的预测研究显得至关重要。介绍了Oddo-Tomos饱和指数法的理论预测模型,以及在生产过程中利用Oddo-Tomos饱和指数法预测油田结垢趋势的方法,阐述并分析了油田结垢对油田开采的影响。研究结果可为下一步的生产作业提供理论依据。     

Evaluation method of cracking resistance of lightweight aggregate concrete

The cracking behavior of lightweight aggregate concrete（LWAC） was investigated by mechanical analysis, SEM and cracking-resistant test where a shrinkage-restrained ring with a clapboard was used. The relationship between the ceramsite type and the cracking resistance of LWAC was built up and compared with that of normal-weight coarse aggregate concrete（NWAC）. A new method was proposed to evaluate the cracking resistance of concrete, where the concepts of cracking coefficient ζt（t） and the evaluation index Acr（t） were proposed, and the development of micro-cracks and damage accumulation were recognized. For the concrete with an ascending cracking coefficient curve, the larger Acr（t） is, the lower cracking resistance of concrete is. For the concrete with a descending cracking coefficient curve, the larger Acr（t） is, the stronger the cracking resistance of concrete is. The evaluation results show that in the case of that all the three types of coarse aggregates in concrete are pre-soaked for 24 h, NWAC has the lowest cracking resistance, followed by the LWAC with lower water absorption capacity ceramsite and the LWAC with higher water absorption capacity ceramsite has the strongest cracking resistance. The proposed method has obvious advantages over the cracking age method, because it can evaluate the cracking behavior of concrete even if the concrete has not an observable crack.     

Dynamic cluster member selection method for multi-target tracking in wireless sensor network简

Multi-target tracking（MTT） is a research hotspot of wireless sensor networks at present.A self-organized dynamic cluster task allocation scheme is used to implement collaborative task allocation for MTT in WSN and a special cluster member（CM） node selection method is put forward in the scheme.An energy efficiency model was proposed under consideration of both energy consumption and remaining energy balance in the network.A tracking accuracy model based on area-sum principle was also presented through analyzing the localization accuracy of triangulation.Then,the two models mentioned above were combined to establish dynamic cluster member selection model for MTT where a comprehensive performance index function was designed to guide the CM node selection.This selection was fulfilled using genetic algorithm.Simulation results show that this method keeps both energy efficiency and tracking quality in optimal state,and also indicate the validity of genetic algorithm in implementing CM node selection.     

Effective model based fault detection scheme for rudder servo system

The inherent nonlinearities of the rudder servo system（RSS） and the unknown external disturbances bring great challenges to the practical application of fault detection technology. Modeling of whole rudder system is a challenging and difficult task. Quite often, models are too inaccurate, especially in transient stages. In model based fault detection, these inaccuracies might cause wrong actions. An effective approach, which combines nonlinear unknown input observer（NUIO） with an adaptive threshold, is proposed. NUIO can estimate the states of RSS asymptotically without any knowledge of external disturbance. An adaptive threshold is used for decision making which helps to reduce the influence of model uncertainty. Actuator and sensor faults that occur in RSS are considered both by simulation and experimental tests. The observer performance, robustness and fault detection capability are verified. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed fault detection scheme is efficient and can be used for on-line fault detection.     

大庆涠洲混合减二线脱蜡油糠醛精制

大庆涠洲混合减二线脱蜡油为原料,先后进行了工业装置理论塔板数标定、多级静态及中试规模的糠醛溶剂精制实验研究。结果表明,工业装置理论塔板数为2块。剂油体积比为5.47∶1的假二段实验与剂油体积比为3.2∶1的假四段实验精制油的黏度指数均可达到100,收率分别为64.07%与66.01%。具有4块理论板数的中试装置在剂油体积比为3.27∶1条件下得到的精制油黏度指数为101,收率为70.5%。精制油产品质量能够满足HVI150SN润滑油基础油的质量要求。     

窄带弱信号检测中的随机共振现象研究

针对雷达、声纳和通信等领域中频段信号经常受窄带噪声污染的问题,本文采用随机共振理论,对窄带噪声环境下的弱信号检测及其随机共振现象进行研究。在圆对称概率密度的窄带非高斯噪声环境下,建立了窄带弱信号观测模型,并对局部最优检测器、广义窄带相关检测器和硬限幅窄带相关检测器中的随机共振现象的存在性进行分析与仿真,同时对给定次优系统中的随机共振性能与自适应次优系统最佳性能进行比较。研究结果表明,噪声与检测器结构参数都可视为影响检测器性能的重要因素,在局部最优检测器中不存在随机共振现象;在广义相关检测器中,广义瑞利噪声环境下的次优系统中存在随机共振现象;在硬限幅窄带相关检测器中,非尺度噪声如莱斯噪声环境下也证实了随机共振现象。该研究为提高雷达和通信领域的信号检测性能提供了理论依据。     

我国汽车产业关键技术自主创新能力评价

通过分析目前我国汽车产业关键技术自主创新能力形成的影响因素,建立了自主创新能力评价指标体系,选取我国不同省份具有代表性的大型汽车企业,对实际所收集的数据进行因子分析,旨在把握我国汽车产业关键技术自主创新的现实状况,为我国汽车产业关键技术自主创新提供参考。     

基于免疫机制的入侵检测研究现状与展望

对基于免疫机制的入侵检测技术中的关键模型和方法进行概述,通过对国内外研究现状(特别是近五年)的分析,总结目前出现的各种问题,并以物联网应用为例,对基于免疫机制的入侵检测未来发展方向及问题解决思路展开讨论,目的是拓展研究范围,促进研究成果到应用领域的实践,及人工免疫系统研究的深入发展.     

植物多糖分析检测研究进展

植物多糖在药理、农业、食品等领域具有独特的作用,尤其是在药理方面有很好的发展前景.近年来,国内外越来越多的人在进行深入研究.本文主要探讨了国内外植物多糖检测现状,并提出了规范性建议,为今后多糖检测标准建立奠定基础.     

基于扫描枪的字符二维条码识读算法研究

不同于传统的图像二维条码,字符二维条码由字符组成条码矩阵.字符二维条码可通过扫描枪获取后,因其结构不同于传统图像二维条码,需对字符二维条码进行定位、分割以及字符识别.在扫描枪有限的内存空间和运行速度限制下,开发了字符二维条码的识读算法.提出了基于圆定位符的字符二维条码定位算法,对条码字符进行投影分割后,采用基于特征融合的识别方法实现了字符识别.实验表明:种字符二维条码识读算法能够很好地运行在扫描枪上,快速、准确地实现字符二维条码的识读.