Effect of alkali on the refunctionalization of soy protein by hydrothermal cooking

The effects of hydrothermal cooking (HTC) at alkaline conditions on refunctionalization of heat-denatured protein of extruded-expelled (EE) soy meals and on preparation of soy protein isolate (SPI) from EE soy meal were determined. Two HTC setups, flashing-out HTC (without holding period) and HTC with holding for 42 s at 154°C, were evaluated. Alkali (NaOH) addition dramatically enhanced the refunctionalization of EE meal having an initial protein dispersibility index of 35. The more alkali added, the more refunctionalization occurred. Extensive refunctionalization was achieved at 0.6 mmol alkali/g EE meal, and additional improvement was small with more alkali. For both HTC setups, the solids and protein yields of SPI from alkali-HTC-treated EE meals were significantly higher than those from HTC without alkali addition. The yield of protein as SPI increased from 40 to 82% after HTC treatment at 0.6 mmol alkali/g EE meal compared with no alkali addition. The emulsification capacities of SPI after alkali-HTC were similar to those from HTC without alkali. SPI from holding-tube HTC-treated EE meals had higher emulsification capacities than those prepared by flashing-out HTC.     

衣康酸改性聚环氧琥珀酸的合成及其阻垢缓蚀性能的研究

目的为了拓宽聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)的应用范围,合成了衣康酸改性聚环氧琥珀酸衍生物(IA-PESA),拟提高PESA的阻垢缓蚀性能。方法用顺酐合成环氧琥珀酸(ESA)和聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA),再利用ESA与衣康酸(IA)聚合制得IA-PESA,研究了IA-PESA的阻垢和缓蚀等综合性能。用FT-IR对PESA和IA-PESA进行表征。用黏度法测定了PESA和IA-PESA的分子量。结果在静态阻垢实验中,对CaCO_3阻垢率达到90%以上,对CaSO_4阻垢率高达95%,甚至100%。IA-PESA分散Fe(Ⅲ)和稳定Zn~(2+)性能明显好于PESA。在静态失重实验中,当IA-PESA与PESA的用量均为150 mg/L时,加IA-PESA的腐蚀速率明显小于加PESA的腐蚀速率。对钙垢和腐蚀试片的SEM研究表明,IA-PESA使致密度较高、晶格结构规整的CaCO_3和CaSO_4钙垢改变为致密度较低、疏松、形状不规整的晶型结构。IA-PESA使试片未发生均匀腐蚀和点蚀,表面光滑。结论在相同测试条件下,IA-PESA的阻垢、缓蚀、分散Fe(Ⅲ)和稳定锌性能都好于PESA,改变了设备表面钙垢的晶型结构,减少了垢下腐蚀,缓蚀作用明显。     

石墨烯在PAO基础油中的摩擦学性能

为了改善石墨烯在润滑油中的分散稳定性,利用一种高分子量丁二酰亚胺（分散剂A）辅助石墨烯分散于聚α-烯烃（PAO4）基础油中,采用紫外-可见分光光度法对其分散稳定性进行了监测,并使用UMT-3多功能摩擦试验仪和ContourGT-K型三维轮廓仪考察了石墨烯/PAO4分散液的摩擦磨损性能,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对磨痕表面的形貌和元素组成进行定性和定量分析。结果表明：分散剂A可有效提高石墨烯在PAO4中的分散稳定性,加入分散剂A后,石墨烯/PAO4分散液静置一周后的相对浓度为0.667,是未加分散剂的分散液的7.8倍;石墨烯作为润滑油添加剂能显著提升摩擦磨损性能,添加0.8 mg/mL的石墨烯和质量分数为0.2%的分散剂A,跑合期从670 s缩短至250 s,磨损体积减少了55%。     

ZDMA/白炭黑填充HNBR的结构与性能

以甲基丙烯酸锌(ZDMA)/白炭黑填充氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR),研究ZDMA/白炭黑并用比、硫化剂DCP用量及硫化时间对HNBR硫化胶结构和性能的影响。结果表明,在填料总量不变的前提下,随着白炭黑用量的增大,ZDMA/白炭黑填充HNBR硫化胶拉伸强度和压缩永久变形先减小后增大,填料分散性下降;随着硫化剂DCP用量的增大,ZDMA/白炭黑填充HNBR硫化胶物理性能和动态性能提高,填料分散性变好。当ZDMA/白炭黑并用比为10/30、硫化剂DCP用量为5～6份、一段硫化条件为160℃×45min、二段硫化条件为150℃×(9～12)h时,ZDMA/白炭黑填充HNBR硫化胶综合性能较好。     

新型着色材料——速溶色浆粉的测试与应用

介绍了通过初级颜料的润湿、研磨与分散、稳定处理技术,使助剂和树脂均匀地包裹在颜料表面,并通过特殊工艺制得水性和油性色浆粉,并赋予了很好的速溶性和分散性。     

BA-MMA-AA三元共聚物和TPT复合改性纳米Si3N4粉体研究

采用自制的BA-MMA-AA三元共聚物和四异丙氧基钛（TPT）对纳米Si3N4进行表面包覆处理,利用红外光谱分析、TEM、粒径分布、接触角等手段进行表征,结果表明：在纳米Si3N4粉体的表面包覆了有机物,并与其发生了化学作用,有效地阻止了纳米Si3N4粉体的团聚;处理过的Si3N4粉体粒径明显减小,在有机溶剂中的分散稳定性显著增加,表面自由能明显降低,改善了纳米Si3N4粉体在聚合物基体中的分散。     

超声波湿法混炼炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料的性能研究

利用超声波的乳化均质作用,将经水湿润的炭黑与稀释的天然胶乳混合均匀,然后采用蒸发成膜法和胶凝成膜法制备胶膜(炭黑/天然橡胶复合材料),探究制膜方法及超声波处理时间和功率对胶膜性能的影响。结果表明:蒸发成膜法成膜时间过长,打开的炭黑二次结构重新团聚,胶膜中炭黑分散性差,胶膜的拉伸强度较小,而胶凝成膜法稳定性更高,胶膜中炭黑分散性好;超声波处理时间为90 s、功率为840~960 W时,超声波的乳化均质效果最好,炭黑二次结构打开程度更高,此时采用胶凝成膜法制备胶膜,成膜速度快,炭黑来不及团聚,胶膜中炭黑分散性较好和结合橡胶较多,胶膜的拉伸强度较大。     

PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFECT OF FOAM STABILIZERS ON THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RECONSTITUTION PROPERTIES OF FOAM-MAT DRIED SOYMILK

Soymilk, a colloidal dispersion obtained by wet milling of soya bean (Glycine max (L) Merill), was subjected to the foam-mat drying process at 65°C using two foam stabilizers namely, carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and glyceryl distearate (GDS) at 5, 10 and 15% levels. While CMC did not produce a stable foam at any of the levels used, it was however, found that a minimum of 10% GDS was required to produce a stable foam. The physical characteristics and reconstitution properties of 10% GDS foamed soymilk powder and 15% GDS foamed soymilk powder were found to be similar but better than those of unfoamed soymilk powder and inferior to those of a spray dried powder sample.     

番茄红素纳米结构脂质体的制备

对番茄红素纳米结构脂质体(lyco-NLC)的制备工艺进行了研究,以产品的平均粒径、多分散性系数(PDI)和包封率为指标,通过单因素实验和正交实验研究了物料因素和操作因素对lyco-NLC的影响,确定最佳制备工艺。并对lyco-NLC进行了形貌观察和贮藏稳定性研究。结果表明,lyco-NLC的最佳制备工艺条件为:总脂质质量浓度7.5 g/100 m L,固液脂质量比3.5∶1,表面活性剂吐温80质量浓度2 g/100 m L,均质压力50 MPa,均质次数3次。在最佳制备工艺条件下,lyco-NLC平均粒径为230 nm,PDI为0.23,包封率达到91.95%,产品中番茄红素载量高达4%,具有很好的水分散性。透射电子显微镜结果表明lyco-NLC粒子呈规则的球形,分散均匀。30 d的贮藏实验表明lyco-NLC具有良好的物理稳定性(平均粒径270 nm,PDI0.3)。     

乙酸乙酯改性纳米氧化锌的制备及表征

利用乙酸乙酯作为改性剂,通过气相法对纳米氧化锌进行改性研究,用亲油化度考察改性效果;优化其改性工艺为:改性时间2h,改性温度120℃,改性剂的添加量为3.25%。通过透射电镜、激光粒度仪、接触角和沉降实验表明,改性后的纳米氧化锌颗粒均匀、团聚明显减弱、疏水性和分散性明显提高。