基于改进YOLOv5的飞机舱门识别与定位方法研究

机场特种车辆的自动靠机是未来智慧机场发展的必然要求,实现自动靠机的关键是对飞机舱门进行准确识别与定位;针对于此问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv5和单目视觉的舱门识别与定位方法,通过在模型中加入了一种轻量化的卷积注意力模块（CBAM,convolutional block attention module）,提高了算法对飞机舱门的特征提取能力;针对YOLOv5的重复特征提取问题,引入了空间金字塔池化结构（SPPCSPC,spatial pyramid pooling cross stage paritial connection）,并改进分组卷积组数为4,提高了算法的检测精度;通过获取候选框中角点的像素,利用空间几何关系,实现了对舱门准确的三维定位。实验结果表明,改进后的YOLOv5算法mAP达到96.5%,相比原有算法提升了5.6%。在舱门前方19 m和1 m处时,实时最大定位误差分别为0.15 m和0.01 m,能够满足特种车辆靠机完成后与舱门保持5-10 cm的安全距离要求。     

精准定位技术在乐山矿区的应用

在定向钻进过程中,经常需要应用导航中靶技术,以期使钻进进入设定的靶区,随着定向钻进技术应用范围的日益拓展,钻进靶区面积越来越小,这对传统的中靶测量技术提出了严峻的挑战,RMRS作为一种主动物探磁测技术,能够实现直径小于1m的靶区的导航要求,具有较高的精确度。本文介绍了RMRS在乐山福川矿区钻井工程中的应用情况。     

基于网络药理学与分子对接技术探究逍遥丸治疗乳腺增生的作用机制（网络首发、推荐阅读）

用网络药理学方法进行逍遥丸治疗乳腺增生过程的机制研究.通过中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台(TCMSP)进行逍遥丸活性成分的搜集和筛选,将纳入的化合物成分通过TCMSP数据库进行成分的靶点预测;在GeneCards数据库,NCBI基因数据库以及OMIM数据库进行乳腺增生疾病靶点筛选;取药物靶点和疾病靶点作韦恩图,并利用共有靶点在String数据库中作PPI网络图,利用拓扑分析和MCODE聚类分析筛选核心靶点和核心基因;在cytoscape 3.8.0软件中进行关键活性成分的筛选;关键靶点使用String数据库进行GO分析和KEGG分析,将相关结果导入Cytoscape3.8.0绘制成分—疾病—通路—靶点网络图.结果表明,筛选得到逍遥丸各药活性成分及靶点,其中与乳腺增生相关的有169个靶点.STAT3、AKT1、MAPK1、JUN、MAPK3等20个靶点为该药治疗乳腺增生的关键靶点,HTR2A、IL2、TOP2A、PCNA、MMP1为该药治疗乳腺增生的核心基因.槲皮素(quercetin)、山奈酚(kaempferol)、叶黄素(luteolin)、柚皮素(naringenin)、甘草酮a(licochalcone a)、7-甲氧基-2-甲基异黄酮(7-Methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone)、芒柄花素(formononetin)、醋栗素(acacetin)等可能是逍遥丸治疗乳腺增生发挥作用的主要活性成分.GO富集分析总共富集到2328条生物过程,160项分子功能相关,47项细胞组成相关.通路富集分析显示与166条通路相关,涉及AGE-RAGE信号通路、TNF信号通路、IL-17信号通路、TH17细胞分化、流体剪切应力与动脉粥样硬化等信号通路.分子对接验证结果说明关键活性成分与核心靶点均对接良好.     

cA-GFP融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中的高效功能性表达

为了实现乳酸乳球菌锚定蛋白cA在大肠杆菌中可溶表达以及直观检测其生物学活性,以乳酸乳球菌MG1363为模板,扩增N-乙酰葡萄糖胺糖苷酶AcmA基因,将其C末端序列与GFP基因融合,连接至大肠杆菌表达载体pET28a,构建重组质粒pET28a-cA-GFP,转化至大肠杆菌表达菌株BL21(DE3),通过低温诱导表达重组蛋白cA-GFP。工程菌超声破碎后的上清液与经热酸处理的乳酸乳球菌常温孵育,经SDS-PAGE和荧光显微镜检测。结果表明,工程菌可以表达分子量约53ku的目的融合蛋白质,与预期大小相符。cA-GFP通过锚定蛋白cA的引导回向锚定,成功将GFP展示在乳酸乳球菌表面,目的蛋白cA-GFP在乳酸乳球菌表面展示量为121mg/g干重菌体。GFP锚定至乳酸乳球菌后于4℃保存,连续6d测定其荧光强度,荧光强度仍可达82.2%,证明其稳定性较好。成功获得了具有生物学功能的cA-GFP可溶性蛋白,为进一步展示功能性外源蛋白奠定了坚实的基础。     

Theophylline: Old Drug in a New Light,Application in COVID-19 through Computational Studies

Theophylline (3-methyxanthine) is a historically prominent drug used to treat respiratory diseases, alone or in combination with other drugs. The rapid onset of the COVID-19 pandemic urged the development of effective pharmacological treatments to directly attack the development of new variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and possess a therapeutical battery of compounds that could improve the current management of the disease worldwide. In this context, theophylline, through bronchodilatory, immunomodulatory, and potentially antiviral mechanisms, is an interesting proposal as an adjuvant in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Nevertheless, it is essential to understand how this compound could behave against such a disease, not only at a pharmacodynamic but also at a pharmacokinetic level. In this sense, the quickest approach in drug discovery is through different computational methods, either from network pharmacology or from quantitative systems pharmacology approaches. In the present review, we explore the possibility of using theophylline in the treatment of COVID-19 patients since it seems to be a relevant candidate by aiming at several immunological targets involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. Theophylline down-regulates the inflammatory processes activated by SARS-CoV-2 through various mechanisms, and herein, they are discussed by reviewing computational simulation studies and their different applications and effects.     

考虑性能约束的航天器近距离悬停控制

本文主要研究了考虑预设性能的航天器交会对接中的近距离悬停控制问题.针对追踪航天器近距离悬停控制问题,首先基于追踪航天器的姿轨耦合模型设计了线性滑模控制器实现了近距离悬停任务.在此基础上,为对系统收敛过程中系统状态的暂态性能进行约束,设计了基于预设性能的滑模控制器.同时,为减少系统状态的收敛时间,针对预设性能中的性能函数...     

基于网络药理学和分子对接探讨紫苏籽抗癌抗肿瘤的分子机制

采用网络药理学和分子对接的方法对紫苏籽成分、靶点、通路与癌症肿瘤的治疗进行系统研究。借助TCMSP、Genecards、Uniprot数据库收集紫苏籽成分、靶点以及癌症和肿瘤的靶点,使用Cytoscape软件构建紫苏籽成分、靶点与癌症肿瘤之间的网络图;通过STRING数据库进行蛋白互作网络分析,并借助DAVID平台进行GO功能和KEGG富集,采用Auto Dock将紫苏籽的活性成分和抗癌抗肿瘤靶点进行分子对接。结果表明：共筛选出紫苏籽抗癌抗肿瘤作用的靶点72个,对应17种有效成分。KEGG信号通路涉及的癌种包括膀胱癌、甲状腺癌、胰腺癌等。分子对接结果显示木犀草素和TP53对接活性最好。结论：该研究通过构建紫苏籽成分—靶点—疾病网络,挖掘紫苏籽抗癌抗肿瘤的关键靶点,并模拟靶点蛋白和活性成分的分子对接,为紫苏籽在临床应用及机制研究等方面提供了方向和思路。     

Bisnaphthalimidopropyl Derivatives as Inhibitors of Leishmania SIR2 Related Protein 1

The NAD⁺‐dependent deacetylases, namely sirtuins, are involved in the regulation of a variety of biological processes such as gene silencing, DNA repair, longevity, metabolism, apoptosis, and development. An enzyme from the parasite Leishmania infantum that belongs to this family, LiSIR2RP1, is a NAD⁺‐dependent tubulin deacetylase and an ADP‐ribosyltransferase. This enzyme's involvement in L. infantum virulence and survival underscores its potential as a drug target. Our search for selective inhibitors of LiSIR2RP1 has led, for the first time, to the identification of the antiparasitic and anticancer bisnaphthalimidopropyl (BNIP) alkyl di‐ and triamines (IC₅₀ values in the single‐digit micromolar range for the most potent compounds). Structure–activity studies were conducted with 12 BNIP derivatives that differ in the length of the central alkyl chain, which links the two naphthalimidopropyl moieties. The most active and selective compound is the BNIP diaminononane (BNIPDanon), with IC₅₀ values of 5.7 and 97.4 μM against the parasite and human forms (SIRT1) of the enzyme, respectively. Furthermore, this compound is an NAD⁺‐competitive inhibitor that interacts differently with the parasite and human enzymes, as determined by docking analysis, which might explain its selectivity toward the parasitic enzyme.     

拟穴青蟹原肌球蛋白抗原表位适配体小肽的筛选与鉴定

目的筛选对拟穴青蟹过敏原原肌球蛋白(tropomyosin,TM)抗原表位具有特异性结合能力的适配体小肽,并鉴定适配体小肽对TM的免疫结合活性的抑制作用。方法采用ExPASy peptide cutter软件预测TM分子中胰蛋白酶酶切位点,结合TM线性表位设计反义小肽,经AutoDock 4.0软件模拟分子对接,筛选得到适配体小肽。采用抑制性ELISA的方法,检测筛选的适配体小肽对TM与特异性IgG抗体结合活性的抑制作用。结果 TM氨基酸序列中有25个胰蛋白酶酶切位点,设计TM的31条反义小肽,利用分子对接筛选得到12个适配体小肽。抑制性ELISA结果显示,12条适配体小肽均能明显抑制TM与IgG抗体的特异性结合,其中适配体小肽5抑制能力最强,其抑制率为36.2%。结论通过分子对接筛选得到能明显抑制TM免疫结合活性的适配体小肽,为降低TM致敏性的研究提供理论参考。