浅谈工程项目管理的若干问题

随着我国社会经济的发展,人们对建筑的质量要求越来越高,建筑工程项目管理的作用也越来越大,其对保证建筑工程的实施和质量有着十分重要的意义。通过分析建筑项目管理工作的作用和具体内容,提出了改善和创新的方法和措施,以供相关单位借鉴和参考。     

Bulk and Interphase Effects in Aged Structural Joints

Although structural adhesives are becoming widespread in numerous applications, one important limitation at present is the long term behaviour of bonded assemblies under conditions of high humidity, especially at elevated temperatures. This study presents a comparison between bulk properties of a structural epoxy resin and its behaviour in a torsional joint consisting of a hollowed-out cylinder bonded to a plate—both substrates being in stainless steel. Exposure to ca. 100% relative humidity at 70°C leads to modification of the bulk properties of the polymer, notably reduction of its elastic modulus. Although this may explain some differences in behaviour of the torsional joint, premature failure is attributed to weaknesses in the interphase zone.

Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) has been employed to investigate both unbonded steel surfaces and fracture zones. Although prolonged exposure to water leads to a more extensive degree of (apparently) adhesive failure at the interface polymer/metal, AES has shown the presence of non-negligible quantities of carbon, attributed to residual polymer. Failure would seem to occur, at least partly, in a weak interphase of the polymer, near, but not at, the interface.

Various possible causes are evoked. For dry failure, residual polymer may be due to the topography of the metal surface and/or local modification of the adhesive during cure. In the case of aged joints, in addition there are potential effects due to swelling and differential stresses, secondary bond failure and molecular chain scission within the polymer, all provoked by the presence of water.     

Application of open-pit and underground mining technology for residual coal of end slopes

Given the conditions of residual coal from the boundary of a flat dipping open-pit mine,which uses strip areas mining and inner dumping with slope-covering,we propose an open-pit and underground integrated mining technology for residual coal of end slopes.In the proposal a conveyance road and ventilation conveyance near the slope are built,corresponding to the pit mining area and the surface coal mine dump,as well as an interval haulage tunnel and air-inlet tunnel.The outcome shows that such mining method may reduce the effect to slope stability from underground mining,it does not affect the dumping advance and has a high recovery rate of residual coal resources.The working face is timbered by single hydraulic props,transported by a scraper conveyor and supported by coal walls.This method of mining is one of layered top coal caving,with high resource recovery,low production cost where positive economic benefit can be realized.     

Effect of fretting amplitudes on fretting wear behavior of steel wires in coal mines

Given that fretting wear causes failure in steel wires, we carried out tangential fretting wear tests of steel wires on a self-made fretting wear test rig under contact loads of 9 and 29 N and fretting amplitudes ranging from 5 to 180 μm. We observed morphologies of fretted steel wire surfaces on an S-3000N scanning electron microscope in order to analyze fretting wear mecha-nisms. The results show that the fretting regime of steel wires transforms from partial slip regime into mixed fretting regime and gross slip regime with an increase in fretting amplitudes under a given contact load. In partial slip regime, the friction coefficient has a relatively low value. Four stages can be defined in mixed fretting and gross slip regimes. The fretting wear of steel wires in-creases obviously with increases in fretting amplitudes. Fretting scars present a typical morphology of annularity, showing slight damage in partial slip regime. However, wear clearly increases in mixed fretting regime where wear mechanism is a combination of plastic deformation, abrasive wear and oxidative wear. In gross slip regime, more severe degradation is present than in the other regimes. The main fretting wear mechanisms of steel wires are abrasive wear, surface fatigue and friction oxidation.     

GCr15轴承钢连铸过程中热物性参数的研究

借鉴前人实验数据,采用一定的数学方法,对轴承钢的热物性参数进行了研究.结果表明：GCr15轴承钢的液相线温度为1 465.7℃,固相线温度为1 328.4℃,零强度温度为1 380℃左右,零塑性温度为1 330℃左右;在固相区、液固两相区、液相区分别采用不同的公式进行处理,可使结果更加准确,还避免了奇异性.研究结果可为轴承钢连铸工艺有限元模拟提供基础.     

Zipf定律在划定经济区域内的实证研究——以长江三角洲经济区为例

国外关于Zipf定律的实证研究的区域空间多采用国家层次,而国内关于Zipf定律的实证研究则涉及国家、跨省的经济区及行政省的不同层次,于是这就有可能存在经济区域空间划定是否合理的问题。现以长江三角洲地区为例,通过修正的引力模型计算城市之间的经济联系强度及潜能,以此进行长江三角洲经济区域的空间划定,并在划定的经济区域内进行Zipf定律的实证研究,以验证经济区域空间划定是否合理。研究结果显示了经济区域空间划定的合理性。     

大内跨小边跨框架结构预应力筋优化布置方法

预应力筋的优化布置是大内跨小边跨的多跨预应力混凝土框架结构合理设计计算的关键.为满足控制截面承载力最大的需要,以往常将大跨所需预应力筋布置为连续曲线,并按水平直线延伸通过其相邻的两小跨,按这种布置方式仅使大跨内产生竖向向上的预应力等效荷载,可较好平衡大跨的竖向外荷载;而若将大跨及相邻的两小跨统一考虑,预应力筋按连续曲线布置,张拉产生的预应力等效荷载不但可有效平衡大跨的竖向外荷载而且也可平衡小跨的竖向外荷载,可以使荷载平衡得到优化实现.以一典型工程为例,分析了在相同条件下两种预应力筋布置过程中张拉引起的综合弯矩、主弯矩和次弯矩的分布和量值上差异,比较了两类布筋形式对正截面承载力计算结果的影响,验证了对大内跨小边跨框架结构统一考虑后整体上按三段连续正反抛物线预应力筋布置的合理性.     

Intergranular oxidation of silicon in 20Cr-25Ni niobium-stabilized stainless steel at 1140–1230 K

The kinetics of intergranular oxidation of silicon in a 20Cr-25Ni Nb-stabilized stainless steel are reported, at temperatures in the range 1140–1230 K, in CO₂ at 40 bar pressure. The depth of attack increased parabolically with respect to time, with an activation energy of 335±30 kJ/mol. The mechanism of growth is discussed in terms of classical internal-oxidation theories, and an alternative explanation based on an available-space theory is developed. The internal oxidation rates in a number of different alloys are compared with diffusivities of metals in the base alloy. It is proposed that intergranular oxidation in the 20–25 Nb steel is controlled by the rate of outward diffusion of iron or chromium in the alloy.     

基于脱钩模型的新疆碳排放与经济增长的关系研究

在共建丝绸之路经济带以及生态文明的大背景下,新疆作为丝路经济带的核心区与中国西部重要的桥头堡,其经济发展的速度与效益值得关注。尤其新疆是我国重要的能源资源储备区,如何协调好能源开发过程中的碳排放与经济增长之间的关系,是当前摆在我们眼前的一大课题。本文旨在通过脱钩模型分析新疆碳排放与经济增长之间的关系,得出新疆碳排放与经济增长总体上呈现弱脱钩的结论,据此分析弱脱钩状态产生的原因,并提出了有针对性的对策建议,以期促进新疆经济能更好的适应经济新常态。     

Effects of laser heat treatment on the fracture morphologies of X80 pipeline steel welded joints by stress corrosion

The surfaces of X80 pipeline steel welded joints were processed with a CO2 laser, and the effects of laser heat treatment （LHT） on H2S stress corrosion in the National Association of Corrosion Engineers （NACE） solution were analyzed by a slow strain rate test. The fracture morphologies and chemical components of corrosive products before and after LHT were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy, respectively, and the mechanism of LHT on stress corrosion cracking was discussed. Results showed that the fracture for welded joints was brittle in its original state, while it was transformed to a ductile fracture after LHT. The tendencies of hydrogen-induced corrosion were reduced, and the stress corrosion sensitivity index decreased from 35.2% to 25.3%, indicating that the stress corrosion resistance of X80 pipeline steel welded joints has been improved by LHT.