吹填土堤防土工参数变化的试验研究

文章进行了大量的室内试验,研究了某堤塘吹填土的物理力学性质,分析了吹填土堤防土工参数的变化特征.试验表明,大部分堤段的吹填土在固结稳定后能够达到设计干密度.     

滑石粉填充 LDPE 流变性能的研究

本文研究了偶联剂的种类、用量以及填料的料径和填充量对滑石粉填充ＬＤＰＥ材料流变性的影响,为填充材料配方设计的改进以及填充工艺的完善提供了指导和依据．     

无黏性土堤漫顶溃决口门形态变化试验

堤防溃决发展过程及口门形态变化的正确描述是及时科学地对溃口进行封堵并对决口后洪水演进过程准确预测的重要依据.考虑到堤防漫顶溃决过程与溃决时河道水力条件、堤防型式、材料组成等因素有关,就外江河道存在水流流动的无黏性土堤溃决溃口的发展过程及口门形态的变化规律进行了水槽试验探索.研究结果发现,河道洪水位或内外江水位差是影响溃口展宽发展的最重要因素.河道洪水流量在堤防溃决初期对溃口的发展影响不大,但溃口的最终宽度和深度随洪水流量的增大而增大.对于试验中采用的无黏性土堤材料,颗粒越粗,漫顶溃决初期溃口发展越快,稳定后的溃口最终宽度却越小.另外,试验还给出了无黏性土堤漫顶溃决溃口的最终形态,如内外江侧溃口宽度比、溃口顶部与底部宽度比以及溃口深度与宽度比等.     

波浪作用下防滑预制块护坡爬高消能模型试验

传统光面预制块护坡因其稳定、耐久、适应性强而被广泛使用,但在涉坡安全及爬高消浪方面仍存在不足。对此提出一种防滑预制块护坡,在介绍护坡结构功能的基础上,通过室内物理模型试验对比传统光面预制块护坡及防滑预制块护坡的爬高消能效果。结果表明,与传统光面预制块护坡相比,防滑预制块护坡增设的图形条纹能有效降低涉坡人员伤亡,且护坡效果较好,平均波浪爬高降低约9%,消浪效果达14%以上,具有较好的市场应用前景。     

Coupled Hydrological/Hydraulic Modelling of River Restoration Impacts and Floodplain Hydrodynamics

Channelization and embankment of rivers has led to major ecological degradation of aquatic habitats worldwide. River restoration can be used to restore favourable hydrological conditions for target species or processes. However, the effects of river restoration on hydraulic and hydrological processes are complex and are often difficult to determine because of the long‐term monitoring required before and after restoration works. Our study is based on rarely available, detailed pre‐restoration and post‐restoration hydrological data collected from a wet grassland meadow in Norfolk, UK, and provides important insights into the hydrological effects of river restoration. Groundwater hydrology and climate were monitored from 2007 to 2010. Based on our data, we developed coupled hydrological/hydraulic models of pre‐embankment and post‐embankment conditions using the MIKE‐SHE/MIKE 11 system. Simulated groundwater levels compared well with observed groundwater. Removal of the river embankments resulted in widespread floodplain inundation at high river flows (>1.7 m³ s^?1) and frequent localized flooding at the river edge during smaller events (>0.6 m³ s^?1). Subsequently, groundwater levels were higher and subsurface storage was greater. The restoration had a moderate effect on flood peak attenuation and improved free drainage to the river. Our results suggest that embankment removal can increase river–floodplain hydrological connectivity to form a more natural wetland ecotone, driven by frequent localized flood disturbance. This has important implications for the planning and management of river restoration projects that aim to enhance floodwater storage, floodplain species composition and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients. © 2016 The Authors. River Research and Applications Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

A novel 2D-3D conversion method for calculating maximum strain of geosynthetic reinforcement in pile-supported embankments

For design of a geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported (GRPS) embankment over soft soil, the methods used to calculate strains in geosynthetic reinforcement at a vertical stress were mostly developed based on a plane-strain or two-dimensional (2-D) condition or a strip between two pile caps. These 2-D-based methods cannot accurately predict the strain of geosynthetic reinforcement under a three-dimensional (3-D) condition. In this paper, a series of numerical models were established to compare the maximum strains and vertical deflections (also called sags) of geosynthetic reinforcement under the 2-D and 3-D conditions, considering the following influence factors: soil support, cap shape and pattern, and a cushion layer between cap and reinforcement. The numerical results show that the maximum strain in the geosynthetic reinforcement decreased with an increase of the modulus of subgrade reaction. The 2-D model underestimated the maximum strain and sag in the geosynthetic reinforcement as compared with the 3-D model. The cap shape and pattern had significant influences on the maximum strains in the geosynthetic reinforcements. An empirical method involving the geometric factors of cap shape and pattern, and the soil support was developed to convert the calculated strains of geosynthetic reinforcement in piled embankments under the 2-D condition to those under the 3-D condition and verified through a comparison with the results in the literature.     

联合泡沫混凝土与EPS处理软基模拟研究

简要介绍并对比了泡沫混凝土与EPS材料的基本特性,为进一步减轻路堤对原路基的附加应力,提出联合应用泡沫混凝土与EPS材料处理软基的新方法,并借以规划中的中开高速所得勘察数据为依托,采用理论计算与Midas GTS NX数值模拟计算得出结果并对比分析。     

Investigation report of geotechnical disaster on river area due to typhoon landfall three times on Okhotsk region,Hokkaido, Japan

For one week from August 17 to 23, 2016, three consecutive typhoons made landfall in Hokkaido for the first time on record. These typhoons and the front they stimulated brought record-breaking torrential rain over the eastern part of Hokkaido. To investigate the damage to grounds and rivers resulting from this rainfall, the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) and the Japanese Geotechnical Society (JGS) formed a disaster research group to conduct an investigation. This report provides the results of the investigation into damage to the grounds of areas along the Tokoro River of the Okhotsk region, Hokkaido, that suffered from this tremendous and diverse disaster. Specifically, the report describes the situation of the levees which were broken and eroded by the overflowing water, the shape of the levee bodies, the levee body soil properties examined by observation of the sections, as well as the occurrence of sand boiling and air blows. The washout of road embankments as well as damage to road bridge mounting fills and abutment backfills were also investigated. The investigation has demonstrated the need to clarify the resistance of the abutment backfills and levee bodies to flowing water as well as the geotechnical predominant factors in order to clarify the mechanisms behind erosion and washout, the need to review new measures that allow for the scale of sand boiling and resultant changes in levee body stability, and the fact that the existing embankments were able to temporarily suppress the flooding water which had spilled over from the river. Furthermore, although it has been identified that the findings of a study on an embankment washout associated with a tsunami can be applied to measures taken against the overflowing water, it has also been found necessary to clarify the predominant geotechnical factors using model tests and to use a more sophisticated analytical approach to establish a geotechnical stability review as soon as possible in order to prevent the levees and embankments from being eroded and washed out due to overflowing water.     

桩承式路堤土拱数值模拟中路堤土本构模型的选择

数值模拟方法已成为研究桩承式路堤中土拱最重要的手段,其关键在于路堤填土要采用合理的本构模型。建立桩承式路堤平面土拱分析的弹塑性有限元模型,考虑摩尔-库伦模型（MC）、硬化土模型（HS）和小应变硬化土模型（HSS）3种不同的路堤土本构模型,用有限元方法模拟不同路堤土本构模型下桩承式路堤中的土拱形态和土拱效应。计算结果表明：3种不同路堤土本构模型下平面土拱的形态都是半个椭圆。路堤土采用HS和HSS模型,获得的土拱形态、效应和桩帽-土差异沉降相同。较之HS和HSS模型,路堤土采用MC模型时计算得到的桩帽-土差异沉降较小,桩帽荷载分担比略大。当路堤高度较小时,采用MC模型获得的土拱远小于HS和HSS模型下的计算结果。土拱效应的数值模拟中路堤土可采用简单的MC模型,但土拱形态的数值模拟中路堤土宜采用HS模型。     

爆震条件下淤积砂基础的抗液化安全评价

三峡二期高土石围堰座落在极易液化的新淤积砂基础上，故在基坑钻爆开挖过程所诱发的爆破震动作用下对该淤积砂基础进行抗液化安全评价极具工程意义。本文利用爆震条件下一期围堰淤积砂基础中动孔隙水压力实测资料，结合二期围堰的静力有限元计算成果，设法对二期围堰淤积砂基础是否液化作出科学的评估。