日本大地震核危机对能源结构的影响分析

分析了日本大地震和海啸所引发的核危机对日本电力供应和全球核电工业的影响,以及核电站关停对日本今后一段时间内能源结构和对世界石油、天然气市场的影响。     

A Mitochondrial Membrane Exopolyphosphatase Is Modulated by, and Plays a Role in, the Energy Metabolism of Hard Tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Embryos

The physiological roles of polyphosphates (polyP) recently found in arthropod mitochondria remain obscure. Here, the relationship between the mitochondrial membrane exopolyphosphatase (PPX) and the energy metabolism of hard tick Rhipicephalus microplus embryos are investigated. Mitochondrial respiration was activated by adenosine diphosphate using polyP as the only source of inorganic phosphate (P(i)) and this activation was much greater using polyP(3) than polyP(15). After mitochondrial subfractionation, most of the PPX activity was recovered in the membrane fraction and its kinetic analysis revealed that the affinity for polyP(3) was 10 times stronger than that for polyP(15). Membrane PPX activity was also increased in the presence of the respiratory substrate pyruvic acid and after addition of the protonophore carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone. Furthermore, these stimulatory effects disappeared upon addition of the cytochrome oxidase inhibitor potassium cyanide and the activity was completely inhibited by 20 μg/mL heparin. The activity was either increased or decreased by 50% upon addition of dithiothreitol or hydrogen peroxide, respectively, suggesting redox regulation. These results indicate a PPX activity that is regulated during mitochondrial respiration and that plays a role in adenosine-5'-triphosphate synthesis in hard tick embryos.     

High photoelectric conversion efficiency of metal phthalocyanine/fullerene heterojunction photovoltaic device

This paper introduces the fundamental physical characteristics of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Photoelectric conversion efficiency is crucial to the evaluation of quality in OPV devices, and enhancing efficiency has been spurring on researchers to seek alternatives to this problem. In this paper, we focus on organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and review several approaches to enhance the energy conversion efficiency of small molecular heterojunction OPV devices based on an optimal metal-phthalocyanine/fullerene (C(60)) planar heterojunction thin film structure. For the sake of discussion, these mechanisms have been divided into electrical and optical sections: (1) Electrical: Modification on electrodes or active regions to benefit carrier injection, charge transport and exciton dissociation; (2) Optical: Optional architectures or infilling to promote photon confinement and enhance absorption.     

精甲醇生产中质量的优化控制

介绍三塔精馏装置的工艺流程,主要设备和系统存在的问题。对产品质量不易控制以及蒸汽、粗甲醇以及辅助材料等消耗偏高等问题进行分析,提出了改进工艺及系统设备的设计思路,并介绍了改造的内容。从实施后的数据对比分析可以看出,改造后有效解决了上述问题。     

大型交流电机变频器改造在橡胶开炼机上的运用

本文通过对大型交流电机实施变频器改造的介绍,探索在橡胶开炼机上为满足连续出片工艺的要求,实现节能降耗和工艺、产品质量、生产效率的提升,降低工人的劳动强度做出了有益探索。     

Effects of different force fields and temperatures on the structural character of abeta (12-28) Peptide in aqueous solution

The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of different force fields and temperatures on the structural character of Aβ (12-28) peptide in aqueous solution. Moreover, the structural character of Aβ (12-28) peptide is compared with other amyloid peptides (such as H1 and α-syn12 peptide). The two independent temperature replica exchange molecular dynamics (T-REMD) simulations were completed by using two different models (OPLS-AA/TIP4P and GROMOS 43A1/SPC). We compared the models by analyzing the distributions of backbone dihedral angles, the secondary structure propensity, the free energy surface and the formation of β-hairpin. The results show that the mostly populated conformation state is random coil for both models. The population of β-hairpin is below 8 percent for both models. However, the peptide modeled by GROMOS 43A1 form β-hairpin with turn located at residues F19-E22, while the peptide modeled by OPLS-AA form β-hairpin with turn located at residues L17-F20.     

The wash-off of dyeings using interstitial water: Part 3. Disperse dyes on polyester

Poly(ethylene terephthalate), which had been dyed at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% omf depths of shade using three disperse dyes, was reduction cleared using a traditional, four-stage process that comprised two water rinses at 40 °C, treatment with aq Na₂CO₃/Na₂S₂O₄ at 60 °C and one cold water rinse. A novel, two-stage wash-off method was also employed that consisted of treatment with damp nylon beads and surfactant at 70 °C and one cold water rinse. In terms of fastness to repeated washing at 60 °C and colorimetric characteristics, the traditional, four-stage reduction clearing treatment using aq., alkaline Na₂S₂O₄ could be replaced by the two-stage, bead wash-off with detergent at 70 °C. As the detergent-based, bead wash-off process used lower amounts of water than reduction clearing and did not employ sodium dithionite, it avoided the environmentally unacceptable generation of aromatic amines in the case of the reduction clearing of azo dyes. Calculations indicated that considerably less heat energy was consumed in bead wash-off than reduction clearing not only because two, rather than four stages were involved but also since the bead process used only a 2:1 water:fibre ratio rather than the 20:1 liquor ratio employed in the reduction clear process; also, the much lower specific heat capacity of nylon than water meant that much less heat was required to heat the beads. The beads adsorbed vagrant disperse dye during wash-off, thereby offering the potential of a lower effluent load compared to a traditional reduction clearing treatment for disperse dyes on polyester.     

Comparative determination of TiO2 surface free energies for adhesive bonding application

The development of durable bonds using titanium adherens has been investigated from the point of view of surface energy theoretical models measurements. The traditional Chromium Acid Anodization, which provides excellent durability, has to be phased out due to the use of hazardous Cr (VI) in the bath and as a result, special attention is paid to the sodium hydroxide anodizing and other alkaline chemical etchers. There are hardly any references on the surface free energy of adhesive titanium oxide coatings and therefore the objective of this work was to evaluate the surface and interface energy parameters of the various types of alkaline chromate free surface treatments using Neumann, Fowkes and van Oss–Chaudhury–Good methods in order to determine which method provides greatest differentiation between the coatings. Results show that Fowkes method produced the greatest variance in surface energies of the compared surface treatments and hence can be considered as better suited for more accurate discrimination between the oxide surface treatments on Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Although, in the case of model liquids, i.e. water and diiodomethane, the trends obtained for contact angles, surface energies, works of adhesion and solid/liquid interface energies all correlated between each other, a disagreement between the trends of solid/liquid interface energies calculated using Fowkes and van Oss–Chaudhury–Good methods for surface treatment/adhesive resin was obtained. In case of real adhesive systems, the use of work of adhesion appears more adequate in order to discriminate the surface treatments. Based on these findings the anodization in the tested alkaline bath after a previous alkali etching in the same bath is recommended, although adhesion test has to be still performed.     

氟碳树脂在反射隔热涂料中的应用前景

建筑外保温对建筑节能意义重大,为研制超耐久性、高效反射隔热涂料,氟碳树脂是首选的成膜物。叙述了反射隔热涂料组成与节能作用,并简介了性能溶剂型PVDF、FEVE氟树脂涂料卓越的耐久性及其水性化进展情况。     

原油储运库的全能流模型

将过程系统分析理论应用于原油储运库的用能分析,提出原油储运库全能流模型概念.按照分解-综合-分解的模式,将系统分解为最基本的单元设备,分析用能实质、划分用能过程,建立单元模型;以原油、能量在系统中的转移为线索,结合工艺流程将单元设备综合为系统结构模型;最终给出系统计算框图,结合实际运行数据,确定系统各个节点的水力、热力...