早龄期H型钢混凝土梁受力性能试验研究及有限元分析

为研究C40早龄期型钢混凝土梁的受力性能，分别对7根H型钢混凝土梁在龄期1、3、7、28 d进行单调静力加载试验, 分析了荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线和梁早期受荷损伤对后期受力性能的影响。试验结果表明：掺入早强剂的C40型钢混凝土梁1 d的承载力可达到28 d的75.5%；梁的早期受荷损伤对后期28 d龄期的承载力影响不大。在试验研究的基础上，利用非线性有限元分析软件ABAQUS，建立型钢混凝土梁力学模型进行有限元分析，有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

绿色建筑开发中多方利益主体行为分析

在绿色建筑开发中，所涉及的多方利益主体会综合考虑各方面的因素，做出各自的行为选择。在分析绿色建筑项目的利益主体范围和层次的基础上，研究绿色建筑涉及的多方利益主体的主要行为，并指出了各主体应完善的行为重点。     

谈保证外墙外保温施工质量的技术措施

针对外墙外保温技术施工过程中经常会遇到保温板粘结不牢固、板缝渗漏、热桥部位处理不到位等质量问题,结合GB 50411-2007建筑节能工程施工质量验收规范的相关要求,探讨了保证外墙外保温施工质量的施工技术措施,从设计、材料、施工三方面入手,阐述了具体的质量保证措施,以期指导实践。     

浅谈铁路客站电气的绿色节能设计

本文简要介绍了铁路客站电气绿色节能设计的方案及实施策略,对已有绿色铁路客站建筑进行了分析,最后阐述了铁路客站进行绿色电气节能设计的必要性。     

Just-about-right and ideal scaling provide similar insights into the influence of sensory attributes on liking

Just-about-right (JAR) scaling is criticized for measuring attribute intensity and acceptability simultaneously. Using JAR scaling, an attribute is evaluated for its appropriateness relative to one’s hypothetical ideal level that is pre-defined at the middle of a continuum. Alternatively, ideal scaling measures these two constructs separately. Ideal scaling allows participants to rate their ideal freely on the scale (i.e., without assuming the “Too Little” and “Too Much” regions are equal in size). We hypothesized that constraining participants’ ideal to the center point, as is done in the JAR scale, may cause a scaling bias and, thereby, influence the magnitude of “Too Little” and “Too Much”. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the magnitude of “Too Little” and “Too Much” would influence liking to different extents.Coffee-flavored dairy beverages (n = 20) were formulated using a fractional, constrained-mixture design that varied the ratio of water, milk, coffee extract, and sucrose. Participants tasted 4 of 20 prototypes that were served in a monadic sequential order using a balanced incomplete block design. Data reported here are for participants randomly assigned to one of two research conditions: ideal scaling (n = 129) or JAR scaling (n = 132). For both conditions, participants rated overall liking using a 9-point hedonic scale. Four attributes (sweetness, milk flavor, coffee flavor and thickness) were evaluated. The reliability of an individual participant’s ideal rating for an attribute was evaluated using the standard deviation of their ideal ratings (n = 4). All data from a participant were eliminated from further analyses when his/her standard deviation of the ideal ratings for any of the four rated attributes was identified as a statistical outlier. This resulted in the elimination of 15 of 129 (12%) of participants in the ideal scaling group. Multiple linear regression was employed to model liking as a function of “Too Little” or “Too Much” attribute intensities.Mean ideal ratings (averaged across participants) for all four attributes were significantly different from the central point of the scale (i.e., 50). However, coffee flavor was the only attribute for which the mean ideal rating (57.2) fell outside the central 10% (45.0–55.0). Even so, the magnitude of “Too Little” and “Too Much” was not affected by the scaling method. The influence of the magnitude of “Too Little” and “Too Much” on liking was asymmetrical. Both scaling methods agreed that sweetness and coffee flavor were the main sensory attributes affecting liking. Overall, JAR scaling and ideal scaling were comparable for measuring “Too Little” and “Too Much”, and identifying the main factors affecting liking.     

A comparison between tracer gas and aerosol particles distribution indoors: The impact of ventilation rate,interaction of airflows,and presence of objects

The study investigated the separate and combined effects of ventilation rate, free convection flow produced by a thermal manikin, and the presence of objects on the distribution of tracer gas and particles in indoor air. The concentration of aerosol particles and tracer gas was measured in a test room with mixing ventilation. Three layouts were arranged: an empty room, an office room with an occupant sitting in front of a table, and a single‐bed hospital room. The room occupant was simulated by a thermal manikin. Monodisperse particles of three sizes (0.07, 0.7, and 3.5 μm) and nitrous oxide tracer gas were generated simultaneously at the same location in the room. The particles and gas concentrations were measured in the bulk room air, in the breathing zone of the manikin, and in the exhaust air. Within the breathing zone of the sitting occupant, the tracer gas emerged as reliable predictor for the exposure to all different‐sized test particles. A change in the ventilation rate did not affect the difference in concentration distribution between tracer gas and larger particle sizes. Increasing the room surface area did not influence the similarity in the dispersion of the aerosol particles and the tracer gas.     

高温耐火纤维整体拼装在轧钢加热炉炉顶上的运用

高温耐火纤维整体拼装作为一种先进的材料和技术,在轧钢加热炉炉顶上运用比传统的耐火材料炉顶有着显著的优点,能大幅度延长炉顶的使用寿命,减少加热炉的热损失,缩短加热炉炉顶的检修时间,提高炉子生产率。     

An experimental study on the temperature and structural behavior of a concrete wall exposed to fire after a high-velocity impact by a hard projectile

Projectiles, such as turbine blades, can be released in an accident and impact structures. Airplanes and other flying objects can also become impact projectiles. These impacts occasionally cause fire when fire loads, such as oil, fuel, and other combustible materials, are present. This study examines the thermal insulation performance of concrete plates and the structural fire behavior of load-bearing reinforced concrete walls that are exposed to fire after a high-velocity impact by a hard projectile. Impact and fire tests were carried out using small-scale concrete plates and reinforced concrete walls. The results show the influence of local damage and the advantage of short-fiber reinforced concrete subjected to impact loads and fire.     

A Comprehensive Comparison of the Analytical and Numerical Prediction of the Thermal History and Solidification Microstructure of Inconel 718 Products Made by Laser Powder-Bed Fusion

The finite-element (FE) model and the Rosenthal equation are used to study the thermal and microstructural phenomena in the laser powder-bed fusion of Inconel 718. A primary aim is to comprehend the advantages and disadvantages of the Rosenthal equation (which provides an analytical alternative to FE analysis), and to investigate the influence of underlying assumptions on estimated results. Various physical characteristics are compared among the FE model, Rosenthal equation, and experiments. The predicted melt pool shapes compared with reported experimental results from the literature show that both the FE model and the analytical (Rosenthal) equation provide a reasonably accurate estimation. At high heat input, under conditions leading to keyholing, the reported melt width is narrower than predicted by the analytical equation. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis based on choices of the absorptivity is performed, which shows that the Rosenthal approach is more sensitive to absorptivity, compared with the FE approach. The primary reason could be the effect of radiative and convective losses, which are assumed to be negligible in the Rosenthal equation. In addition, both methods predict a columnar solidification microstructure, which agrees well with experimental reports, and the primary dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) predicted with the two approaches is comparable with measurements.     

Optimal Digital Controller Design for a Servo Motor Taking Account of Intersample Behavior

A continuous‐time plant with a discretized continuous‐time controller does not yield stability if the sampling rate is lower than some certain level. Thus far, high‐performance electronic control has made use of expensive hardware needed to implement discretized continuous‐time controllers; low‐cost hardware generally does not have a sufficiently high sampling rate. This technical note presents results comparing performance indexes with and without intersample behavior, and provides some answers to the question of how a low‐specification device can control a plant effectively. We consider a machine simulating wafer handling robots, which is an electromechanical system driven by a direct drive motor, at a semiconductor factory. We illustrate the controller design for the robot with and without intersample behavior, and present simulations and experimental results using these controllers. Taking intersample behavior into account proves to be effective in improving control performance and makes it possible to choose a relatively long sampling period. Controller design in terms of the performance index with intersample behavior makes it possible to deal with situations in which a sufficiently short sampling period may not be employed, and freedom of controller design may be widened, especially regarding the choice of the sampling period.