TC11钛合金应变率相关的拉伸行为

为了获取TC11钛合金拉伸性能随应变率的变化规律,对该材料开展了宽应变率范围下的单轴拉伸试验。结果表明,随着应变率从准静态增加到动态,TC11钛合金的屈服强度略有上升,而应变硬化模量下降。此外,在准静态和动态拉伸下,TC11钛合金均发生了剪切断裂,但动态断裂面上韧窝尺寸小于准静态断面上韧窝尺寸。进一步对材料在变形过程中的温升进行了分析,结果发现,高应变率下材料断裂面上更小尺寸的韧窝和材料更容易发生应变软化归因于动态加载情况下材料中产生了更高的温升。     

表面机械研磨处理Mg-Gd-Y合金不同应变层的时效硬化行为和机理

采用表面机械研磨处理(SMAT)在Mg-Gd-Y合金中获得了梯度组织结构,通过维氏硬度计和透射电子显微镜对试样中不同应变层的时效硬化行为和机理进行了研究。结果表明,SMAT后合金表面梯度组织可以分为3层:剧烈应变层、中等应变层和无影响层。在225℃时效,不同应变层的时效硬化行为表现出明显差异。出现峰时效的时间由剧烈应变层、中等应变层到无影响层依次延长;而峰时效时的硬度增量则依次增大。这与不同应变层中沉淀相的形态、分布以及与位错等缺陷的相互作用有关。剧烈应变层显示了最短的峰时效时间和最高的峰时效硬度,说明SMAT表面纳米化对促进Mg-Gd-Y合金的时效硬化有显著效果。     

流变铸造AZ91-Sn合金的组织演化、拉伸行为及磨损性能

研究了不同Sn含量流变铸造AZ91合金的组织演化、拉伸行为及磨损性能。结果表明：Sn的合金化改变了Al在镁基体中的固溶度,并且显著细化了微观组织。加入0.8%（质量分数,下同）的Sn后,合金平均晶粒尺寸从105.0 μm降至42.1 μm。高熔点的金属间化合物为析出相提供了异质形核点,这些弥散析出的第二相在流变凝固过程中有效地细化了镁基体。弥散分布的第二相抑制了枝晶组织生长,从而进一步提升了合金的力学性能。随着Sn含量的增加,合金磨损率显著降低,磨粒磨损逐渐消失。3.0%Sn合金化的流变铸造AZ91合金具有最高的抗拉伸强度以及最好的耐磨损性能。     

Structural characteristics and high-temperature tribological behaviors of laser cladded NiCoCrAlY–B4C composite coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy

In order to improve the hardness and tribological performance of Ti6Al4V alloy, NiCoCrAlY–B₄C composite coatings with B₄C of 5%, 10% and 15% (mass fraction) were fabricated on its surface by laser cladding (LC). The morphologies, chemical compositions and phases of obtained coatings were analyzed using scanning electronic microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The effects of B₄C mass fraction on the coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate of NiCoCrAlY–B₄C coatings were investigated using a ball-on-disc wear tester. The results show that the NiCoCrAlY–B₄C coatings with different B₄C mass fractions are mainly composed of NiTi, NiTi₂, α-Ti, CoO, AlB₂, TiC, TiB and TiB₂ phases. The COFs and wear rates of NiCoCrAlY–B₄C coatings decrease with the increase of B₄C content, which are contributed to the improvement of coating hardness by the B₄C addition. The wear mechanisms of NiCoCrAlY–B₄C coatings are changed from adhesive wear and oxidation wear to fatigue wear with the increase of B₄C content.     

Redox behavior of indium in molten chlorides

An electrochemical study on the redox behavior of indium in the eutectic LiCl-KCl system at 450 °C was carried out with the transient techniques of cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry on an inert molybdenum electrode. The reduction of In(III) was found to be a two-step process involving In(III)/In(I) and In(I)/In couples at the potentials of about ?0.4 and ?0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl, respectively. The redox mechanism was further confirmed by the theoretical evaluation of the number of transferred electrons based on cyclic voltammetry and characterizations of the precipitates generated by the potentiostatic electrolysis. The diffusion coefficients of indium ions in the eutectic LiCl-KCl melt at 450 °C were estimated by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. The results obtained through the two methods are in fair agreement, delivering an average diffusion coefficient of approximately 1.8×10^?5 cm²/s for In(III), and 1.4×10^?4 cm²/s for In(I).     

Electrochemical dissolution and passivation of laser additive manufactured Ti6Al4V controlled by elements segregation and phases distribution

The electrochemical dissolution and passivation of laser additive manufactured Ti6Al4V were investigated through Tafel polarization, potentiostatic polarization and AC impedance measurements. The results show that the solution treatment−aging (STA) process aggravates the element micro-segregation compared to the annealing process, leading to varied Al and V contents of the phases from different samples. It is proven that either Al-rich or V-rich condition can highly affect the electrochemical dissolution behaviors due to thermodynamical instability caused by element segregation. The dissolution rate in the metastable passivation process is controlled by the stability of the produced film that is affected by phases distribution, especially the difficult-to-dissolve phase. And then, the dissolution rate of the phases in the transpassivation region is consistent with the rank in the activation process because the dense film is not capable of being produced. Compared to the annealed sample, the higher dissolution rate of the STA sample is beneficial to the electrochemical machining (ECM) of Ti6Al4V.     

激光熔覆制备高熵合金涂层研究进展

激光熔覆具有加热和冷却速度快、稀释度低(<5％)、热影响区小以及可以对表面性质进行精准调整等优点,是当今工业应用较为广泛的表面改性技术之一.利用激光熔覆技术制备高熵合金涂层,既能保证涂层具有简单的相结构和优异的性能,又可使涂层与基体之间获得良好的冶金结合.主要对激光熔覆制备高熵合金涂层的设计准则、性能及提高机理、凝固行为以及数值模拟的研究进行阐述.首先从设计理论方面对高熵合金进行概念阐述,由熵和吉布斯自由能可知,通过增加主元(至少5个)和位形熵来设计元素组成,通过吉布斯自由能控制相的稳定性.其次,对涂层的性能提高机理分类总结,其中高熵合金的四大效应与激光熔覆快冷快热的特点相结合是涂层性能提高的主要原因.此外,还阐述了激光熔覆过程中熔池的凝固行为,包括凝固过程中的晶粒生长方式和液相分离现象,以及其他因素引起的凝固行为变化.之后,对粉末流动特性、熔池温度场和熔覆层性能的数值模拟以及这些模型的缺陷进行综述与分析.最后,总结与展望激光熔覆制备高熵合金涂层研究的发展前景与应用方向.     

高强7A62铝合金动态力学响应及其J-C本构关系

利用万能试验机和Hopkinson拉杆(SHTB)对7A62铝合金进行了准静态和动态拉伸性能测试,研究该合金室温及高温塑性流动应力动态响应特征,结合OM、SEM、TEM、DSC、LFA等测试对该合金的物理性能及原始微观组织进行分析。结果表明:7A62铝合金在大量高密度细小沉淀析出物粒子及亚微米级高熔点平衡析出粒子复合强化作用下,准静态屈服强度可达608 MPa。在室温动态变形过程中,该合金应变率强化效应显著。随着应变率高于684 s^-1时,合金屈服强度对应变率敏感性显著增强。在1100 s^-1、25~500℃条件下,合金表现出温度敏感性的沉淀强化相回溶及动态再结晶的热软化效应,500℃高温动态屈服强度超过200 MPa。在动态力学性能变化规律的基础上,建立了7A62铝合金的Johnson-Cook(J-C)本构模型。     

交变应力频率对E690钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中腐蚀电化学行为的影响

采用电化学技术与微观形貌观察,研究了不同频率(0.1,0.5,1.0,1.3,1.8和2.0 Hz)弹性交变应力下E690高强海洋工程用钢在3.5%(质量分数) NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为,探讨了加载频率对腐蚀反应机理的影响。结果表明,存在一个临界频率,将交变应力作用下腐蚀电化学行为分为两个不同的阶段。加载频率在临界频率以下时,随着弹性交变应力加载频率的增大,E690钢的应变速率峰值增大,钢的表面产生活性位点增多,腐蚀过程主要受活化控制,腐蚀速率和局部腐蚀面积均随着加载频率的提高而增大。加载频率超过临界频率时,腐蚀过程主要受扩散控制,腐蚀速率和局部腐蚀面积不受加载频率变化的影响。     

Hot Deformation Behaviors in Ti-6Al-4V/(TiB + TiC) Composites

Thermal compression testing was investigated using the Gleeble 3800 thermal simulator,and thermal deformation behavior of particle-reinforced titanium matrix composites (TMCs) was studied under deformation temperatures of 750-900 ℃,strain rates of 0.001-1 s-1,and experimental deformation of 60％.According to obtained flow stress curves,the hot deformation characteristics were analyzed.Based on the Arrhenius hyperbolic sinusoidal model,the constitutive equation at high tempera-ture was established.Based on the theory of dynamic material models,a hot processing map of TMCs at high temperature was established,and the peak region of power dissipation rate and the instability region in the hot processing map were both determined.At the same time,the corresponding microstructures in the peak power dissipation rate and rheological instability regions were observed.The results showed that flow stress decreased with increasing deformation temperature and increased with increasing strain rate.The thermal deformation activation energy of titanium matrix composites was 301.8 kJ/mol.The Ti-6Al-4V/(TiB + TiC) composites possessed only one instability zone under high-temperature compression at a strain of 0.5,with corresponding temperatures at 750-840 ℃ and strain rates at 0.1-1 s-1.The optimal thermal deformation parameters included corresponding temperatures of 830-880 ℃ and strain rates of 0.001-0.05 s-1.The microstructures corresponding to optimal hot working parameters in processing maps were more homogeneous than the microstructures in the instability zone,including the distribution uniformity of reinforcement and the degree of dynamic recrystallization,and no instability phenomena including abnormal grain growth,microcracks or intensive fracture of reinforcements were found,indicating that the hot processing map had a positive guiding effect on the option of desirable material thermal-working parameters.