三峡蓄水初期水库近坝区水环境特性分析

通过现场观测和数值模拟的方法，对三峡水库近坝区在蓄水初期的水流和水环境特性进行了 分析。对蓄水初期的溶解氧、BOD、COD和NH3-N、Cu等水质参数进行了观测，将蓄水初期水质资料与蓄水之前的结果进行了对比，分析了近坝区水环境变化趋势。采用大涡模拟紊流模型，考虑水体表面的热交换，对三峡近坝区的流动和水温分布特性进行了模拟。研究结果表明，三峡水库蓄水初期近坝区水流特性明显改变，主要表现为水深增加、流速变缓，部分地段有回流区出现。水质指标变化不明显，坝前断面溶解氧浓度、悬浮物浓度有所降低，和悬浮物密切相关的污染物总磷、重金属也随之降低；蓄水初期139m水位时坝前水域尚没有出现温度分层现象。     

电解铝侧插自焙槽技术改造与环境保护

电解铝侧插自焙槽属于落后的生产工艺，由于其能耗高、物料消耗大、劳动强度大、环境污染严重，在国内电解铝中已开始进行大规模的淘汰改造。采用先进的预焙电解槽生产技术，降耗节能、改善生产劳动强度，环境污染得到有效治理，各项环境指标达标排放，经济技术指标提高，食业面貌发生了巨大大变化。     

Diurnal and environmental characterization of solar photovoltaic panels using a PC-AT add on plug in card

This article describes the development of an instrumentation system for characterizing photovoltaic panels. It uses an add on card (which contains DAC, ADC and digital input/output ports) in conjunction with a PC-AT. The panels in a field are selected in succession through a set of relays actuated by the digital output port. The selected panel is loaded in discreet steps by a transistor loading circuit which is activated by the digital to analog convertor to trace the most significant portion of the I-V curve. The data shows that the power output is invariably lower than that specified by the manufacturer. The reasons for drop in output have been analyzed. It is shown that these effects can be represented by the curvature of I-V characteristic at the maximum power point (OP). The loss of power due to accumulation of dust and the increase in temperature of the panels can be significant.     

An evaluation of possible EU air transport emissions trading scheme allocation methods

The European Commission has been requested by member states to study the incorporation of air transport into their existing emissions trading scheme (ETS). Only CO₂ is to be included, at least initially.     

四氯化碳生产中氯化反应的回火原因分析与对策

探讨了四氯化碳生产中氯化反应的回火原因及避免回火的对策 ,解决了生产中的实际问题     

High temperature low cycle fatigue

Fatigue at high temperature is a complex phenomenon as it is influenced by a number of time-dependent processes which become important at elevated temperatures. These processes include creep, oxidation, phase instabilities and dynamic strain ageing (DSA), acting either independently or synergistically influence fatigue behaviour, often lowering the fatigue life. Current design approaches employ linear summation of fatigue and creep damage with suitable factors on permissible damage to take care of uncertainties in interaction between cyclic and time-dependent processes. It is, therefore, important to develop a deeper understanding of the processes that occur during high temperature fatigue so that realistic life predictions could be made. Results on the high temperature fatigue behaviour of austenitic stainless steels, ferritic steels and nickel base alloys are presented here. The important mechanisms of interaction of high temperature time-dependent processes with fatigue under various conditions are discussed in detail. Emphasis is placed on cyclic stress response, fatigue life, deformation substructure and fracture behaviour. This is followed by a review of important life prediction techniques under combined creep-fatigue loading conditions. Life prediction techniques considered here include linear damage summation, strain range partitioning, ductility exhaustion approach, frequency modified and frequency separation methods, techniques based on hysteresis energy and damage rate models, and methods based on crack-cavitation interation models.     

严格环境管理提高环境意识

环境伴随着经济的发展越来越体现了它的重要性,全社会应重视环境、保护环境,以预防为主,加强综合治理,使我们的天更蓝、水更净、草更绿,到处充满着春的意境.     

Balancing energy and environment: The effect and perspective of management instruments in China

The rapid growth of Chinese economy has tremendously stimulated the expansion of energy consumption. The structure of energy consumption in China is featured with the coal domination. Air pollution is becoming increasingly severe. As a result, we are confronted with the extremely arduous task to balance energy consumption and environmental protection. In order to coordinate the relationship between energy consumption and environmental protection in a strategic way, this paper analyzes comprehensively the instruments, effects and perspectives of energy-related environmental management. Meanwhile, this paper illustrates the barriers and challenges facing the energy and energy-related environmental management in China, and suggests a priority strategy of management instrument, mainly composed of energy-saving, optimization of energy structure, promulgation of environmental standards, advance in environmental technologies, internalization of environmental costs, establishment of a public benefit fund and adoption of a Renewable Portfolio System.     

基于ZigBee的粮仓环境监测系统设计与实现

ZigBee作为当前主流的无线传感网技术,具有成本低廉、组网便捷、扩展灵活等特点。文章提出将ZigBee技术应用于粮仓环境监测系统中,相比有线粮仓环境监控系统,可以提高灵活性和可靠性。该系统结合CC1101无线传输模块和STC89C52控制器实现对各传输节点的软硬件设计。实现了环境参数的自动采集、无线传输,在协调器节点汇总的数据可以交由控制中心实现对数据的实时分析。     

环境荷载联合作用下海上风电结构动力响应分析

为研究海上风电结构在复杂的海洋环境中承受环境荷载(风、波、冰、流)的联合作用时,结构产生的剧烈的动力响应问题。文章以三脚架基础海上风电结构为研究对象,采用ANSYS有限元软件建立其整体模型并进行荷载(风、波、流和风、冰、流)联合作用下的静力校核,通过对环境荷载联合作用下的三脚架基础海上风电结构进行瞬态分析,掌握其动力响应的特性及规律。结果表明:三脚架基础结构的一、二阶自振频率均为0.285Hz,在所选风机允许的频率范围内,可以保证整体结构不会与风机转动发生共振;风荷载在风、波、流荷载联合作用下主导控制结构响应的稳态波动,冰荷载在风、冰、流荷载联合作用下主导控制结构的稳态振动过程;塔筒顶端呈现的位移和加速度响应均远大于三脚架基础顶端;环境荷载联合作用下结构动力响应是环境荷载单独作用下动力响应叠加的结果。