User values based evaluation model to assess product universality

Unlike the conventional design methodology, the universal design aims to integrate various user groups within the design space to benefit the user of all ages with distinct abilities. The objective of this work is to ensure universality of the designed product with the help of user-values based evaluation model. In the proposed model, users are classified into three groups based on their abilities and needs. This classification analyses the values associated with the individual needs of a different group of users. The universality of the product is analyzed by using the proposed model and accordingly the product can be improved by incorporating the values that have been overlooked by the designer. The frequently neglected values can be identified to modify universal design principles.Relevance to industry.Providing functional and usable products to all sets of users is the most important goal of industry, in today's marketplace. To achieve this goal, universal product design evaluation model has been proposed in this work. With the help of evaluation model, design firms and designers can ensure the universality of the product at an early phase of design and also while redesigning of the existing products.     

标准化学科研究对象探析

本文基于对现有标准化学科研究对象观点的分析,提出了标准化学科研究对象确定原则,进而给出了对标准化学科研究对象的相关见解。     

Integrated Modeling for Optimal Municipal Solid Waste Management Strategies under Uncertainty

In this study, an inexact fuzzy-probabilistic programming (IFPP) method is advanced for developing optimal municipal solid waste (MSW) management strategy with uncertain information. The IFPP can support the assessment of risk of violating constraints associated with fuzzy and random features. The developed method is applied to a case study of long-term MSW management planning in the city of Changchun, China. Violations for transfer-station capacity constraints are allowed under a range of probability and possibility levels, which are related to trade-offs between the system cost and the constraint-violation risk. The results indicate that useful solutions for planning the MSW management practices have been generated. They are valuable for supporting the identification of efficient waste-flow allocation patterns, the long-term capacity planning of the city’s waste management system, and the formulation of local policies regarding waste management under uncertainty.     

由精馏单元操作剖析工程素质的内涵

工程素质就是综合运用所学知识解决工程实际问题的能力,化工原理作为一门工程基础课,工程素质的培养和强化是教学的首要目的。精馏操作是一个重要且各个化工相关专业详细讲解的单元操作。通过剖解精馏操作的原理、实践及应用等内容,概括了理论上可行、工程上最优、经济上高效、环境要友好等方面为工程素质的具体内涵。     

浅析太原市小店区避难疏散场所的规划设置

对避难疏散场所的定义、分类以及主要技术要求做了较为全面的介绍,并且对太原市小店区的避难疏散场所的设置现状与存在的问题作了细致的调查研究,在此基础上针对这些问题提出了几点建设性的意见,具有一定指导意义。     

The effect of overwing hatch placement on evacuation from smaller transport aircraft

Overwing exits are installed on a number of smaller transport aircraft. With a traditional overwing exit, once released, the hatch is not attached to the fuselage and will fall into the cabin. To operate, the hatch has to be brought inwards, manoeuvred and placed in a location where it does not obstruct egress. Accidents and experimental studies have shown that the hatch is not always disposed of into an appropriate location. Evacuation trials from a smaller transport aircraft cabin were conducted. The placement of the exit hatch was manipulated. The results indicated that hatch placement had a significant effect on passenger evacuation rates from a smaller transport aircraft, with the internal placement tested resulting in slower evacuation rates. The study has highlighted the importance of operators disposing of the hatch into a location whereby it does not impede egress. One way to ensure this would be the installation of an automatically disposed hatch.     

生态理念下高校学生公寓规划研究

随着全球能源的枯竭，生态建筑成为了建筑行业的发展趋势。学生公寓是学生活动和学习的主要场所，生态学生公寓设计的发展，对国民经济和社会发展有直接的影响作用，前景很广。本文就生态建筑理念下的高校学生公寓进行了规划与研究。     

Interpreting the stress ratio effect on delamination growth in composite laminates using the concept of fatigue fracture toughness

This paper provides a study on fatigue delamination growth in composite laminates using energy principles. Experimental data has been obtained from fatigue tests conducted on Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) specimens at various stress ratios. A concept of fatigue fracture toughness is proposed to interpret the stress ratio effect in crack growth. The fatigue fracture toughness is demonstrated to be interface configuration independent but significantly stress ratio dependent. An explanation for this phenomenon is given using SEM fractography. Fracture surface roughness is observed to be similar in different interfaces at the same stress ratio. But it is obviously more rough for high stress ratio in comparison with that for low stress ratio, causing the fatigue resistance increase. Therefore, the stress ratio effect in fatigue crack growth can be physically explained by a difference in resistance to crack growth.     

关于计算机组成原理实验课安排的研讨

通过分析传统计算机组成原理实验的不足,提出利用Simulink仿真来模拟进行实验的思路,使学生可仅利用少量的新知识便能进行组成原理的相关实验,把更多的精力放在对组成原理实验的理解和学习上。并以加法器为例说明利用Simulink进行仿真实验的过程。