AISI8630钢泥浆泵排出缸失效分析及工艺改进

针对AISI8630钢锻件在实际生产中出现的锻造失效问题进行了研究。采用"EAF→LF→VD→铸锭"工艺冶炼AISI8630钢锭,钢锭锻造成泥浆泵锻件,经热处理加工后探伤发现密集性缺陷。通过化学成分、低倍分析和金相显微分析,对产生的缺陷进行分析研究。结果表明:宏观检测受检面有许多裂纹,将裂纹打开,发现断口存在明显的白点缺陷;近裂纹附近有灰色硫化物夹杂,存在明显的组织偏析现象,远离裂纹处的金相组织无明显差异。通过加强冶炼过程控制,对钢锭进行锻前消氢、消应力退火及锻后250℃以下缓冷处理等工艺优化,避免了白点缺陷的形成,并经现场验证得到合格产品。     

1000WN挖泥泵高铬叶轮铸造过程质量控制

介绍了1000WN挖泥泵高铬叶轮的铸造过程。通过对叶轮铸造工艺设计与模拟分析,制定出了合理的铸造工艺;利用发热冒口进行高效能补缩,结合合理的退火、淬火工艺,严格生产过程质量控制,防止缩松、裂纹缺陷的产生,成功生产出了φ2500 mm,10.5 t的高铬叶轮。为大型挖泥泵高铬叶轮的国产化制造提供借鉴。     

Fire safe,sustainable loose furnishing

The aim of this exploratory study has been to investigate the fire properties and environmental aspects of different upholstery material combinations, mainly for domestic applications. An analysis of the sustainability and circularity of selected textiles, along with lifecycle assessment, is used to qualitatively evaluate materials from an environmental perspective. The cone calorimeter was the primary tool used to screen 20 different material combinations from a fire performance perspective. It was found that textile covers of conventional fibres such as wool, cotton and polyester, can be improved by blending them with fire resistant speciality fibres. A new three‐dimensional web structure has been examined as an alternative padding material, showing preliminary promising fire properties with regard to ignition time, heat release rates and smoke production.     

Reduced‐scale test to assess the effect of fire barriers on the flaming combustion of cored composites: An upholstery‐material case study

Herein, we describe a reduced‐scale test (“Cube” test), measuring the fire performance of specimens including a fire barrier (FB) and a flammable core material, which acts as the main fuel load. The specimen is intended to reproduce a cross‐section of a composite product where heat/mass transfer occurs primarily in a direction perpendicular to the FB. The Cube test procedure and benefits are discussed in this work by adopting residential upholstery furniture as an exemplary study. One flexible polyurethane foam, one polypropylene cover fabric, and 10 commercially available FBs were selected. They were used to compare the fire performance of FBs, measured in terms of peak of heat release rate, in the ASTM E1474‐14 standard test and the newly developed Cube test. Edge effects severely affected the performance of FBs in the ASTM E1474‐14 standard test but not in the Cube test. Furthermore, appropriate test conditions were determined in the Cube test to measure the so‐called “wetting point,” that is, the time and value of heat release rate measured when flammable liquid products were first observed on the bottom of the specimen. The relevance of the “wetting point” in terms of full‐scale fire performance and failure mechanism of FBs is discussed.     

Effects of upholstery materials on the burning behavior of real‐scale residential upholstered furniture mock‐ups

Fire spread and growth on real‐scale four cushion mock‐ups of residential upholstered furniture (RUF) were investigated with the goal of identifying whether changes in five classes of materials (barrier, flexible polyurethane foam, polyester fiber wrap, upholstery fabric, and sewing thread), referred to as factors, resulted in statistically significant changes in burning behavior. A fractional factorial experimental design plus practical considerations yielded a test matrix with 20 material combinations. Experiments were repeated a minimum of two times. Measurements included fire spread rates derived from video recordings and heat release rates (HRRs). A total of 13 experimental parameters (3 based on the videos and 10 on the HRR results), referred to as responses, characterized the measurements. Statistical analyses based on Main Effects Plots (main effects) and Block Plots (main effects and factor interactions) were used. The results showed that three of the factors resulted in statistically significant effects on varying numbers of the 13 responses. The Barrier and Fabric factors had the strongest main effects with roughly comparable magnitudes. Foam was statistically significant for fewer of the responses and its overall strength was weaker than for Barrier and Fabric. No statistically significant main effects were identified for Wrap or Thread. Multiple two‐term interactions between factors were identified as being statistically significant. The Barrier*Fabric interaction resulted in the highest number of and strongest statistically significant effects. The existence of two‐term interactions means that it will be necessary to consider their effects in approaches designed to predict the burning behavior of RUF.     

Influence of modern plastic furniture on the fire development in fires in homes: large‐scale fire tests in living rooms

About 80% of all fire fatalities in Germany occur because of fires in homes. It has been known for some time that modern materials (synonym for materials consisting mostly of synthetic polymers) tend to burn differently from older materials (synonym for materials consisting mostly of fibrous cellulosic substances) and it has been acknowledged that the amount of combustible plastics in homes has increased significantly over the last decades. To investigate the influence of modern furniture and ventilation conditions of fires in homes, a series of four large‐scale tests in two living rooms (LRs) with adjacent rooms (ARs) was performed by BAM and the Frankfurt fire service. Two LRs, one with older furniture and one with modern furniture, were tested twice each. Each test started with the ignition of a paper cushion on an upholstered chair. The influence of modern materials on the fire development was investigated, as well as the influence of the ventilation on the fire development. In all settings, an upholstered chair was the first burning item. Results of the test series show that fires in rooms with modern furniture develop faster than fires in rooms with older furniture. This is true for temperature development in the rooms as well as for smoke production.     

新能源汽车电池包防火涂料应用研究

新能源汽车(纯电动、插电式混动等)电池模组的安全性对新能源汽车的安全至关重要,当电池模组出现故障时,为了最大程度保护车内乘员,需要对电池包进行防火隔热处理,以便给车内乘员预留充足的逃生时间.本文从防火涂料选择、涂层性能、施工工艺等方面参考涂装车间现有的涂料、密封胶性能等方面研究了电池包喷涂防火涂料的方案.研究结果表明现...     

基于MDEA的烟气SO2捕集过程工艺参数和能量集成分析

有机胺吸收法是一种高效环保型烟气脱硫技术,而从系统工程的角度对烟气SO₂捕集工艺的分析、优化和能耗评估尚未有详细报道。对N-甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）为吸收剂的烟气SO₂捕集过程工艺进行研究,考察了MDEA浓度、温度、SO₂解吸率对捕集效果的影响规律。结果显示,MDEA溶液浓度为30%（质量）、烟气温度不高于45℃、回流贫液温度不高于41℃时,SO₂吸收效果较好;增加SO₂解吸率是以降低解吸气中SO₂纯度和增大再沸器负荷为代价,水分汽化是再生能耗增高的主要原因。针对吸收剂再生过程能耗大的问题,采用热泵辅助精馏对解吸过程进行能量集成,吸收剂再生能耗可降低47%,年度总费用（TAC）可降低9.93%。本研究对有机胺体系的SO₂捕集系统工业化应用具有重要的指导作用。     

高压氢气储运设施泄漏喷射火过程预测模型及其验证

近年氢能已迅速成为能源领域“新宠”,正在迎来快速发展的战略机遇期,但氢安全问题仍然是制约其发展的关键,尤以高压氢气储运设施泄漏后引发喷射火灾害较为突出。为了探究高压氢气泄漏过程并对其引发喷射火灾特性参数变化进行评估,本文采用理论分析和实例验证相结合的方法对两起高压氢气泄漏实验案例（90 MPa氢气瓶和6 MPa氢气管道）进行了研究。结果表明：通过模型精度检验,Abel-Nobel气体状态方程适用于当前常用的多种高压氢气储运设施泄漏过程的描述。基于Abel-Nobel气体状态方程、火焰尺寸模型、辐射分数模型和热辐射模型构建的高压氢气泄漏喷射火过程预测模型对实验案例中的泄漏出口气体质量流量、氢喷射火焰长度和辐射热场等的模拟计算结果与实验测量数据基本一致,验证了模型有效性及所含假设合理性。另外在计算中还需要结合实际情况充分考虑高压氢气储运设施发生泄漏时产生的能量损失以及等温流动过程,从而对模型预测精度进行修正。上述结论对于工程实际、氢能安全利用以及灾害预防等具有重要现实意义。     

燃煤机组脱硫废水零排放物料-能-水耦合机制及优化

湿法脱硫排出的废水是燃煤机组废水中最难处理的末端废水之一。热法固化是实现脱硫废水零排放的必然途径。通过构建整个燃煤机组厂级尺度热力系统虚拟仿真模型,从能量流、物料流、水平衡及其之间的相互影响机制的角度对比分析了目前三种主流不同脱硫工艺路线的优劣。在此基础上,提出了基于吸附式热泵和多效蒸馏浓缩,废热用于干燥的新型脱硫工艺,新工艺所需的高温烟气量最小,仅为旁路直喷式的1/5,为目前主流浓缩干燥方案的1/3,在回收水分的同时,极大降低高温烟气的消耗量,降低对主机安全性的影响。相关研究可以为燃煤机组脱硫废水零排放及深度节水提供新的解决思路。