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91.
The engineering and management of human safety is an important societal objective that includes extensive efforts by governments, both legislative and administrative, to enhance the health and safety of the public. Although the achievement of safety goals depend primarily on individuals and organizations responsible for safety, much support is drawn from expertise in diverse scientific and engineering disciplines. The activities range from structural safety (dams, tunnels, bridges to tall buildings) to safe operation of hazardous industrial installations (energy generation facilities, LNG terminals, petrochemical plants) to transportation systems (airline, rail, car safety) to technologies designed to minimize adverse impacts on the environment. All these activities are crucially concerned with risk: with the likelihood and the probable effects of various measures on life and health. We have developed a unified rationale and a clear basis for effective strategic management of risk across diverse sectors. Safety is an important objective in society but it is not the only one. The allocation of society's resources devoted to safety must be continually appraised in light of competing needs, because there is a limit on the resources that can be expended to extend life. The paper presents the Life Quality Index (LQI) as a tool for the assessment of risk reduction initiatives that would support the public interest and enhance safety and quality of life. The paper provides an intuitive reformulation of the LQI as equivalent to a valid utility function that is consistent with the principles of rational decision analysis. The LQI is further refined to consider the issues of discounting of life years, competing background risks, and population age and mortality distribution. The LQI is applied to quantify the societal willingness-to-pay, which is an acceptable level of public expenditure in exchange for a reduction in the risk of death that results in improved life-quality. 相似文献
92.
Atilla Bilgin 《国际能源研究杂志》2002,26(11):987-1000
Flame front surface area and enflamed volume (the volume enclosed with flame front) is theoretically analysed for a spark‐ignition engine, having cylindrical disc‐shaped combustion chamber with two spark plugs located axisymmetrically on cylinder head, between cylinder axis and cylinder wall. Spherical flame front assumption is used. A computer code is developed based on purely geometric consideration of the flame development process in combustion chamber, and is used to investigate the effects of variations of spark plugs' locations on geometric features of the flame front. A comparison has also been made with a spark‐ignition engine having one spark plug at the same location. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
93.
94.
介绍了扩频通信有效的MSK信号特点及声表面波MSK抽头延迟线构成方式,给出了声表面波32位MSK抽头延迟线的实验结果。 相似文献
95.
光盘用光学头物镜性能的综合评估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
论述了采用波象差均方根、点扩展函数、光学传递函数对高次旋转对称非球面光学头物镜性能进行综合评估的方法。作者在正则坐标理论基础〔1〕上编制了光学头物镜性能综合评估软件。给出了评估实例。 相似文献
96.
岩心PI值试验研究及应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
主要论述了在多功能采油化学用剂评价仪上进行的岩心PI值试验的步骤,现象及结论。重点考察了岩心PI值与渗透率、流量及注入截面面积的关系;平行管岩心复合PI值和其中单管岩心PI值的关系。 相似文献
97.
含淀粉聚乙烯膜的时控光降解研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
使用复合光降解剂,得到了可光降解的生物降解膜。对膜的光降解进行了考察,并对影响光降解的因素进行了讨论,结果表明,我们所制得的膜是一种较好的时控光降解膜。 相似文献
98.
本文研究了经济分析基本方法之一最优等效替代法的实质,系统地导出了被评价方案的绝对经济指标与相对经济指标的关系,并结合典型案例分析指出了该方法的应用条件,对正确进行建设项目的经济评价具有现实意义。 相似文献
99.
介绍了一种新型双族流平焰烧嘴的设计思路、结构参数及工业试验结果。其结构特点是每个部件都易装易卸,其煤气旋流器的位置可根据煤气压力变化进行调节,无需稳焰器就可保证煤气压力在较大范围波动时,都可形成稳定的平展火焰。 相似文献
100.
The coarse acquisition performance of a direct sequence spread-spectrum receiver is analyzed when a linear prediction filter is used for narrowband interference suppression. We show that once an appropriate matching strategy is identified, the linear prediction filter can provide favorable performance when narrowband interference is present over a considerable range of both interference power and bandwidth. In addition, the presence of the filter dramatically improves the performance over the case where there is no filter, except when the interference bandwidth and the power are both small (i.e., when the processing gain provides sufficient interference immunity without the filter). If long spreading sequences are used with moderately sized observation windows, the acquisition performance can be severely degraded when a parallel acquisition scheme is used due to the linear predication filter. We show, however, that a slower serial receiver will provide reliable performance.This work was supported in part by the Office of Naval Research under contract ONR N00014-91-J-1234, the Army Research Office under contract ARO DAAL03-91-0071, and the NSF Center for Ultra-High Speed Circuits and Systems (ICAS). 相似文献