1978年前我国高校工农阶层子女入学优惠政策研究

从高校招生的演变历史看，中国在1978年以前对工农阶层子女实行高校入学优惠政策主要源于国家对这一阶层的特殊偏好而实行平均主义分配政策所致。国家通过报考资格政策、优先录取政策和免试推荐入学政策人为地大幅度提高了工农阶层子女在高校大学生中所占的比例。从公平视角看，这项政策不仅违背了公平原则，而且降低了人才选拔的质量。     

A new efficient method for one‐pot conversions of aryl carboxylic acids into nitriles without solvent

A new efficient method for synthesising nitriles, important organic reagents, is reported in this paper. In an environmentally benign solvent‐free system, aryl carboxylic acids were converted into the corresponding nitriles via one‐pot reactions, by amidation with ethyl carbamate followed by dehydration with thionyl chloride, in excellent yields. The results showed that the method has the advantages of lower cost, higher yield, less pollution and greater ease of work‐up. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Phase behavior of ternary blends containing dimethylpolycarbonate,tetramethylpolycarbonate and poly[styrene‐co‐(methyl methacrylate)] copolymers (or polystyrene)

The miscibility and phase behavior of ternary blends containing dimethylpolycarbonate (DMPC), tetramethylpolycarbonate (TMPC) and poly[styrene‐co‐(methyl methacrylate)] copolymer (SMMA) have been explored. Ternary blends containing polystyrene (PS) instead of SMMA were also examined. Blends of DMPC with SMMA copolymers (or PS) did not form miscible blends regardless of methyl methacrylate (MMA) content in copolymers. However, DMPC blends with SMMA (or PS) blends become miscible by adding TMPC. The miscible region of ternary blends is compared with the previously determined miscibility region of binary blends having the same chemical components and compositions. The region where the ternary blends are miscible is much narrower than that of binary blends. Based on lattice fluid theory, the observed phase behavior of ternary blends was analyzed. Even though the term representing the Gibbs free energy change of mixing for certain ternary blends had a negative value, blends were immiscible. It was revealed that a negative value of the Gibbs free energy change of mixing was not a sufficient condition for miscible ternary blends because of the asymmetry in the binary interactions involved in ternary blends. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

High char‐yielding poly[acrylonitrile‐co‐(itaconic acid)‐co‐(methyl acrylate)]: synthesis and properties

Polyacrylonitrile terpolymers of various compositions consisting of acrylonitrile (AN), itaconic acid (IA) and methyl acrylate (MA) were synthesized by solution polymerization in dimethylsulfoxide. Increase in concentration of either IA or MA retarded the overall polymerization rate and the polymer molecular weight. The system consisting of AN + MA and varying IA concentration was more prone to retardation in comparison with the system composed of AN + IA with variable MA concentration. The retardation factors were quantified. Minor quantities of MA boost the reactivity of IA in the terpolymer system. The terpolymer was richer in MA vis‐à‐vis the feed. The thermal characteristics of the terpolymer were examined as a function of its composition. In contrast to the copolymer of AN and IA requiring 1–1.5 mol% IA, the terpolymer required an IA content of approximately 2.5 mol% for optimum thermal stability. The polymer with 90 mol% AN, 2.5 mol% IA and 7.5 mol% MA exhibited reasonably good char‐forming characteristics and thermal stability. The overall crystallinity and crystallite size of the polymers were found to decrease on incorporation of the comonomers. The ‘aromatization index’ of the copolymer increased with the temperature of pyrolysis through re‐organization of the tetrahydropyridine ladder structure. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

石油工程项目管理机制

为了妥善处理石油工程项目中的委托-代理关系,研究了委托-代理模型和石油工程项目管理中的激励约束机制,分析了激励机制、监督机制和选择机制在石油工程项目运行管理中的重要性.只有用有效的契约去激励技术服务公司,才能使服务公司在追求自身效益最大化的同时也为实现石油公司的最大效益而尽最大努力;只有对技术服务公司的作业实施监督,才能形成对技术服务公司的有效约束;采用激励性承包方式、实施综合性评标和组建工程项目动态联盟能够防止逆向选择.分析表明,在最优激励安排下,激励强度与项目面临的不确定性、承包商的边际成本及其风险规避系数负相关,与承包商的边际生产率正相关,还与其他可观测变量相关.在最优监督水平下,作业公司的边际生产率越高,边际成本越低,越容易监督,监督带来的边际收益越高.对于那些监督比较困难的项目,可以通过加强惩罚力度的方式弥补难以有效监督的不足.激励性承包方式可以减小逆向选择造成的危害,组建动态联盟可以进一步加强激励作用,降低道德风险,解决逆向选择问题.参8     

氨氮监测中样品蒸馏预处理对结果的影响分析

氨氮监测采用预蒸馏处理后，比色测定结果明显偏低。在样品预蒸馏处理过程中，硼酸作为吸收液，使显色时溶液pH值偏低，导致显色不充分是其主要影响因素。通过采取增加显色剂加入量的方法，解决了显色pH值偏低的问题，得到满意的测定结果。     

薄板坯连铸连轧流程Ti微合金化高强钢开发与应用

在薄板坯连铸连轧流程上，经过对Ti微合金化技术研究，有效解决了Ti微合金化强度性能波动大的问题，开发出屈服强度450～700MPa高强钢。对试制钢组织性能和工业应用分析研究，表明该产品通板性能良好，通板强度差30MPa左右；成形性能良好，d=0时冷弯测试全部合格；同时还具有良好焊接性能，焊接后，强度波动较小，均在母材部位断开；试制钢显微组织为珠光体和铁素体，晶粒均匀细小，平均尺寸为4～8／μm；实物质量满足集装箱和汽车制造行业要求，具有广阔市场前景。     

企业不但应该做大更应该做强

从入世的角度 ,分析了我国企业在重组过程中存在的问题 ,并指出了我国企业做强做大的紧迫性     

基于DELPHI的镍氢电池管理系统软件设计

通过对镍氢电池性能的研究，给出了一个应用ISA总线技术构建的、基于DELPHI编程平台的镍氢电池管理系统的设计方案，重点介绍了该系统的软件技术和实现方法。     

Synthesis of LiFePO4 with fine particle by co-precipitation method

LiFePO₄ is a potential candidate for the cathode material of the lithium secondary batteries. A co-precipitation method was adopted to prepare LiFePO₄ because it is simple and cheap. Nitrogen gas was needed to prevent oxidation of Fe²⁺ in the aqueous solution. The co-precipitated precursor shows the high reactivity with the reductive gas, and the single phase of LiFePO₄ is successfully synthesized with the aid of carbon under less reductive conditions. LiFePO₄ fine powder prepared by co-precipitation method shows high rate capability, impressive specific capacity and cycle property.